Index

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

C

References are to paragraph numbers except where specified as table, figure (fig.), or page number (p.). Page numbers in the online edition link directly to terms in the glossary.

ca. (circa), 7.55, 10.42
calendar designations. See dates; time designations
calendar year, 1.80. See also publication date
calibers, firearm, 9.19
call letters (broadcasting), 10.25
callouts (illustrations and tables)
cross-checking of, 2.32, 2.65, 2.66
definition and format, 2.26, 2.30, 3.8
figure, table spelled out in, 8.180
markup of, 2.87
and placement of feature, 3.8, 3.51
vs. text references, 2.30, 3.8, 3.51
working numbers in, 3.13
calls for papers, 1.89, 1.99
campaigns, military, 8.114
campus locations, 6.81
can, could, 5.146, 5.250
can, may, 5.250
can, not, 5.231
Canada
CIP (Cataloging-in-Publication) data, 1.34
currency, 9.21
First Peoples, 8.38
legal and public documents, 14.269, 14.293–96
numbers, 5.250, 9.55
provinces and territories, 10.28, 14.130, 14.193
capitalization
abbreviations, 10.6, 10.25–26, 10.49, 10.52, 10.63
academic degrees and affiliations, 8.29, 10.21, 10.22
academic subjects and courses of study, 8.85–86
brand names and trademarks, 8.69, 8.146, 8.153–54, 10.6
calendar and time designations, 8.88–90
with colons, 6.63
and common nouns, 5.5
company names, 8.68, 8.69
computer terminology, 7.77, 7.79, 7.80, 8.155
consistency in text and illustrations, 2.65
dialogue, 7.52, 13.43
editor’s note on, 1.45
and ellipses, 13.53
for emphasis, 7.52
generic terms for parts of books, 8.179, 8.180
in glossaries, 2.23
groups of people: ethnic and national groups, 8.38; generations, 8.42; physical characteristics, 8.43; sexual orientation and gender identity, 8.41; socioeconomic classes, 8.40
historical and cultural terminology, 8.71–79; acts, treaties, and government programs, 8.66, 8.75, 8.80–81; awards, 8.31, 8.83, 8.115; cultural movements and styles, 8.60, 8.61, 8.79; events, 8.75–78, 8.89, 8.108, 8.113–14; oaths and pledges, 8.84; periods, 8.71–74
I (pronoun), 5.40
in illustration labels and keys, 3.20
in indexes: checking, 16.133; cross-references, 16.17, 16.18, 16.20; main heading and subentries, 16.11
initial the in periodical titles, 8.170
intercaps (midcaps), 8.154
interjections, 7.31
lectures and lecture series, 8.87
letters as shapes, 7.67
in lists, 2.23, 6.130, 6.131
marking manuscript for, 2.97
marking proofs for, 2.131
military terminology, 8.112–15
names, personal (see names, personal, capitalization of)
non-English languages: African languages, 11.23; Arabic, 8.14, 11.80; Asian, other, 8.18; Azeri, 11.70; Chinese, 8.15, 11.88, 11.89; Danish, 11.70; Dutch, 8.10, 11.70; in English context, 11.3, 11.4; English language compared, 11.18; English translations, 11.9–10, 11.18, 14.99; French, 8.7, 11.26, 11.27; German, 7.54, 8.8, 11.39; Hebrew, 11.93; Hungarian, 8.13; Indonesian, 8.18, 16.80; Italian, 8.9, 11.46; Japanese, 8.16, 11.88, 11.89; Korean, 8.17; Latin, 11.54; Norwegian, 11.70; Polish, 11.70; Portuguese, 8.8, 11.70; Russian, 8.12, 11.99, 11.100; Spanish, 8.11, 11.61; Swedish, 11.70; titles of works (see under titles of works: capitalization); Turkish, 11.70
organization names, 8.62–70; abbreviations, 10.6, 10.26; associations, 8.70; companies, 8.68; governmental entities, 8.52, 8.62–65; institutions, 8.68, 8.85; political and economic organizations and movements, 8.66–67, 8.70
part and chapter titles, 2.58
permissible changes to, 8.165, 13.7, 13.18, 13.19, 14.88
personifications, 8.37
physical characteristics, 8.43
place-names: cities and towns, 5.69, 8.45, 8.53; compass points and directions, 8.46, 8.47; continents, countries, oceans, 8.45, 11.61; political divisions, 8.51, 8.52; popular names and epithets, 8.48; public places and structures, 8.56–58; real vs. metaphorical names, 8.50; regions, 8.47, 8.54; topographical divisions, 8.53–55; urban areas, 8.49
pronouns, 5.40
proper nouns, generally, 5.6, 8.1
questions within sentence, 6.42
quotations, 8.162, 13.18–21, 13.53
religious terms, 8.91–111; deities, 8.91, 8.92; events and concepts, 8.89, 8.94, 8.99, 8.108–10; groups, 8.96–102; names and titles, 8.19, 8.26, 8.33, 8.36; objects, 8.111; places of worship, 8.101; religious figures, 8.93, 8.95; religious works, 8.103–7
scientific and technical terminology: abbreviations, 10.6, 10.49; astronomical and astrophysical, 8.138, 8.140–42; botanical and zoological, 8.120, 8.126, 8.127, 8.128, 8.158; genetic, 8.132; geological, 8.135, 8.136; medical, 8.144, 8.145, 8.146; physical and chemical, 8.148, 8.149; titles of works, 8.168, 15.13, 15.38
seasons as issue numbers, 1.80
in source citations: and other stories and such, 14.92; author-date reference system, 15.6, 15.9, 15.13, 15.38; blog comments, 14.208; classical Greek and Latin works, 14.247; examples and variations, 14.23; legal-style citations, 14.272, 14.274, 14.280, 14.284, 14.290; magazine departments, 14.190; newspaper headlines, 14.192, 14.195; news services, 14.200; publishers’ names, 14.136; titles of works (see under titles of works in source citations)
sparing use of (“down style”), 8.1
spelled-out forms of abbreviations, 10.6, 10.21, 10.52
subheads, 1.56, 2.18, 2.59, 8.158
tables, 3.54, 3.55, 3.56, 3.59
text references to illustrations and tables, 3.50
titles and offices (see under titles and offices of people)
titles of works (see under titles of works)
unusual, 8.4, 8.69, 8.154
URLs, DOIs, and such in text, 14.17
vessels and vehicles, 8.116–17
words derived from proper names, 8.1, 8.60–62, 8.96–97
words for Platonic ideas (e.g., Truth), 8.94
See also all caps; capital letters; headline-style capitalization; historical and cultural terminology; lowercase letters; names, personal; names, proper; sentence-style capitalization
capital letters
for compass points in addresses, 10.34
drop caps, 13.37, p. 979
full-size: for emphasis, 7.52; preferred to small caps, 9.34, 10.8, 10.38; small caps compared to, 7.52
for generations, 8.42
initial, decorative, 13.37
for keyboard combinations and shortcuts, 7.78
for musical elements, 7.72–74
plurals of, 7.15, 7.65
for scholastic letter grades, 7.65
standing for names, 7.66
used as words, 7.15
See also caps and small caps format; letters (alphabet); small caps
caps, p. 976. See also capital letters
caps and small caps format
in indexes, 16.140, 16.145
in legal-style citations, 14.272
for mathematical copy, 12.56
for speakers’ names in drama, 13.46
captions, 3.21–28
accessibility issues, 3.28
capitalization, 3.21, 3.22
for charts, 3.44, fig. 3.9
credit lines in (see illustration credits and credit lines)
defined, 3.7, 3.21
electronic supplementary data noted in, 3.26
examples of, 3.21–27, fig. 3.1, figs. 3.4–9
for illustrations with parts, 3.12, fig. 3.4, figs. 3.6–7
journal cover, inside, 1.84
in lists of illustrations, 1.39, 3.40, fig. 1.7
locators for parts of illustration in (e.g., above, left), 3.24
manuscript and editorial concerns: cross-checking, 2.32; editing, 2.65; guidelines for authors, 2.3, 2.26, 2.37; proofreading, 2.115; separate file for, 2.26, 2.37, 3.18; submission of, 2.3; working numbers, 2.28, 3.13
for maps, 8.199
for musical examples, fig. 3.5
omission of, fig. 3.3
original dimensions noted in, 3.27
proofreading of, 2.113
punctuation in, 3.21, 3.23, 3.24, 6.14
separating illustration number from, 3.23, 6.120
syntax of, 3.21
titles of works in, 3.21, 3.22
carets, 2.94, 2.125, 2.132
cartoons, 8.200
cascading style sheets (CSS), p. 978
case binding, pp. 976–77
case fractions (text-sized with horizontal bar), 12.45
case of nouns and pronouns, 5.17–22
and conjunctions, 5.196
defined, 5.9, 5.17
errors in, 5.37
genitive, overview, 5.20
joint and separate genitives, 5.22
nominative (subjective), overview, 5.18
nouns, generally, 5.9
objective (accusative), overview, 5.19
of-genitive, 5.21, 5.191
personal pronouns, 5.44–46
pronouns, generally, 5.35
pronouns, rules for, 5.41
pronouns in apposition, 5.36
relative pronouns, 5.57
word order in place of, 5.221
See also genitive case; nominative (subjective) case; objective (accusative) case
case studies, 13.49
castoff, p. 977
catachresis, 5.249
Cataloging-in-Publication (CIP) data, 1.20, 1.34, 1.75, fig. 1.1
catalogs
archival (UK), 14.297, 14.303
astronomical, 8.139
exhibitions, 8.201, 14.236
musical, 8.196
See also library catalogs
cc, 10.69
CCC (Copyright Clearance Center), 1.79, 1.103, 4.97
CD-ROMs, source citations for, 14.163
CE, BCE, AD, and such, 9.34, 9.64, 10.38
celestial bodies, 8.138–42, 10.61
cells. See tables
centuries
first vs. later decades of, 9.33
hyphenation of, 7.87, 7.89 (sec. 3)
numerical designations for, 8.71
plurals for, 7.8
spelled out and lowercased, 7.89 (sec. 3), 9.32
See also historical and cultural terminology
cf. (“compare”), 10.42, 14.42
changes from earlier practice. See departures from earlier practice
chapter display, 1.8, 1.12, 1.16, 1.37, 1.46, 1.49–50, 2.32, 13.37
chapter numbers
as alternative to page numbers in electronic publications, 14.160, 14.161
arabic numerals for, 8.180, 9.26, 14.147
in chapter display, 1.49
chap. with, 14.150
for conclusions, 1.53
consecutive, across parts of book, 1.48
cross-references to, 2.35
in double and multiple numeration, 1.57, 2.28, 3.11, 3.50
in endnote subheads, 1.62, 14.46
generic markup of, 2.81
in index locators for endnotes, 16.111
proofreading of, 2.113
in running heads, 1.12, 1.15, 14.47
in source citations, 14.106, 14.153
chapters
abbreviation of term, 10.42, 14.150
abstracts for, 1.76, 2.25
appendixes at end of, 1.59
bibliographies or reference lists for each, 1.63, 14.62, 15.10
books offered as individual, 1.59, 1.62, 1.63, 14.62
conclusions as, 1.53
cross-references to, 2.35, 8.180
decorative initials for first word, 13.37
division into, 1.49
endnotes after each, 1.62, 14.43, 14.46, fig. 14.3
multiple authors of, 1.50
openers of (chapter display), 1.8, 1.12, 1.16, 1.37, 1.46, 1.49–50, 2.32, 13.37
pagination of, 1.8, 1.46, 1.49
publishing agreements for, 4.58, fig. 4.2
running heads for, 1.12, 1.15, 14.47
source citations for: chapter in multivolume work, 14.120; chapter in single-author book, 14.106; chapters in multiauthor volumes, 14.107–8, 15.42; DOIs for, 14.161; examples of, 14.23, 15.9; note referring to entire, 1.49, 2.22, 14.27; previously published, 14.54, 14.181; shortened citations, 14.108; titles, 14.23, 14.86, 14.106–7, 14.272, 15.9
unnumbered source notes for, 1.49, 1.50, 14.27, 14.54
as works made for hire, 4.58
See also chapter numbers; chapter titles
chapter titles
conclusions, 1.53
editing of, 2.58
in endnote subheads, 1.62, 14.46
generic markup of, 2.80, 2.81
introductions, 1.47
in legal-style citations, 14.272
manuscript preparation guidelines, 2.17
no punctuation following, 6.14
and note reference numbers, 1.49, 2.22, 14.27
proofreading of, 2.134
quotation marks for, 8.163, 14.23, 14.86, 14.106–7, 15.9
in running heads, 1.12, 2.76
in table of contents, 1.38, 2.17, 2.32, 2.58, fig. 1.5
wording, 1.49, 1.55
character count, p. 977
character encoding, p. 977
character-level formatting, 2.73, 2.81, 2.82, 2.82n1, 7.49
character references, p. 977
characters, p. 977
characters, fictional, 5.129, 8.35. See also dialogue; literary works
characters, special. See special characters
character sets. See fonts and typefaces; special characters
charts and graphs, 3.41–46
as alternative to tables, 3.48
appropriate use and definition of, 3.41
axes and curves in, 3.43, 3.52, fig. 3.8
consistency in, 2.65, 3.42
credit line for commissioned, 3.33
electronic files, preparation of, 3.43
examples of, figs. 3.8–10
fair use of, 4.91
genealogical and pedigree, 3.46, fig. 3.10
indexing of, 16.116
labels on, 3.44, 3.45
as line art, 3.4, 3.41
symbols or patterns used in, 3.25, figs. 3.8–9
titles of, 3.44
See also illustrations; tables
chemical terminology, 8.147–52
abbreviations, 10.63
laws and theories, 8.148
mass number, 8.150
metric units, 8.152
names and symbols, 7.89 (sec. 1), 8.149, 10.63
resources on, 8.147, 10.63
Chinese language, 11.82–85, 11.88–90
characters for, 11.90
names, 8.15, 11.83, 11.85, 11.88, 16.77
romanization systems (Pinyin, Wade-Giles), 11.82–85, 16.77
titles of works, 11.89
chronological order
for bibliographies and reference lists, 2.63, 14.71, 15.18, 15.19
for index subentries, 16.70, 16.133
for letters and diaries, 1.52
chronologies, 1.4, 1.60, fig. 1.9
chronology systems, 9.34, 9.64, 10.38
Church, church, 8.98, 8.101. See also religions and religious concerns
CIP (Cataloging-in-Publication) data, 1.20, 1.34, 1.75, fig. 1.1
circa, ca, 7.55, 10.42
circling
editorial marking, 2.93, 2.95
proofreader’s marking, 2.121, 2.124, 2.127, 2.128, 2.129, 2.131
cis, as prefix, 7.89 (sec. 4)
citation. See source citations
citation management software, 14.5, 14.12
cited-by statistics, 1.120
cities and towns
administrative agencies and departments, 8.63
judicial bodies, 8.64
laws and ordinances, 14.288, 14.300
legislative bodies, 8.62
names: in addresses, punctuation of, 6.39, 10.27, 10.29; alphabetizing, 16.90–93; areas within, 8.49; capitalization, 5.69, 8.45, 8.53; English forms of non-English cities, 14.131; with Fort, Mount, Saint, and such, 10.30, 11.26, 16.90, 16.93; as locations of manuscript collections, 14.227; in newspaper titles, 14.193, 14.194, 16.48; in place of publication, 14.129; on title page, 1.19
numbered divisions of, 9.46
See also civil and civic concerns; governmental entities; place of publication
civil and civic concerns
awards and honors, 8.31, 8.83
committee minutes and such, 14.229
holidays, 8.89
titles and offices, 8.19, 8.22, 10.13, 10.14, 14.284
See also cities and towns; governmental entities; public places and structures
class, socioeconomic, 8.40. See also groups of people
classical Greek and Latin works, 14.242–51
artworks, 8.198
capitalization, 11.54, 14.247
resources on, 14.244
source citations, 14.242–52; abbreviations, 14.244–47, 14.250; authors’ names, 14.244, 14.245; collections of inscriptions, 14.249; editions, 14.246, 14.248, 14.251; editors’ names, 14.260, 14.263–65; fragments of texts, 14.250; identifying numbers or letters, 14.243, 14.245, 14.249; punctuation in, 14.245, 14.250; superscripts in, 14.248; text citations, 14.242; titles, 14.245, 14.247, 14.248; translators’ names, 14.246
See also Greek language; Latin language
classic English works, 1.47, 14.162, 14.253–54, 14.267–68
clauses, 5.225–28
adjectival, 5.219, 5.225
adverbial, 5.225
appositive, 5.227
case of, 5.66
conditional (protases), 5.228
contact, 5.226
coordinate, 5.218, 5.220
defined, 5.225
dependent (subordinate) (see dependent [subordinate] clauses)
elliptical (see ellipses, grammatical)
independent (see independent clauses)
parallel structure in, 5.242
personal pronoun as subject of, 5.44
punctuation with, 5.23, 6.22–27, 6.56–59, 6.89
relative, 3.54, 5.56, 5.59, 5.60, 5.225, 5.226, 5.227, 6.27
restrictive and nonrestrictive, 5.23, 6.27, 6.28
See also conjunctions; phrases
cleft sentences, 5.246–48
clerical titles, 8.26, 8.33, 10.18, 16.39. See also religions and religious concerns
climate, named events of, 8.77
closed (solid) compounds, 7.82, 7.83, 7.88. See also compound terms
close-up mark, 2.125, 11.130, fig. 2.6
clothbound, p. 977
CMYK mode, 3.3, p. 977
co, as prefix, 7.89 (sec. 4)
Code of Federal Regulations, 14.289
codes and coding. See markup for manuscript editing; markup languages, formal
coinage of words, 7.14. See also words derived from proper names
collected works. See compilations of previously published material; derivative works; multiauthor volumes
collected works of author, 8.178
collections. See legal and public documents; manuscript collections; unpublished and informally published materials
collections of classical inscriptions, 14.249
collective nouns, 5.5, 5.7, 5.15, 5.138
collective works, 4.8, 4.10, 4.58, fig. 4.2. See also multiauthor volumes
colloquial speech
adverb suffixes in, 5.158
conjunctions in, 5.196
contractions in, 7.30
flat adverbs in, 5.160
vs. grammar, 5.249
grammatical ellipses in, 5.229
interjections as, 5.207
like in, 5.185, 5.250
singular they in, 5.48
they without antecedent in, 5.30
See also common expressions; dialect; figures of speech; maxims; slang
colons, 6.61–67
and capitalization, 6.63
common misuses of, 6.67
em dashes instead of, 6.85
marking manuscript for, 2.93
marking proofs for, 2.132
other punctuation with: ellipses, 13.54; parentheses, 6.98; quotation marks, 6.10, 6.65
spacing with, 2.9, 6.62, 14.116, 14.152, 14.177
uses: captions, 3.24; with dates in titles of works, 14.93; direct address, 6.53, 6.66; double or multiple numeration, 1.57; glossaries, 1.61; indexes, 16.19, 16.20, 16.25, 16.95; introducing lists, 6.129, 6.130; non-English languages, 11.116; overview, 6.61; with page numbers for journal articles, 15.9; pathnames, 6.112; with publication details, 14.127, 14.177; with quotations or speech, 6.10, 6.63, 6.65, 13.16; ratios, 6.62, 9.58; scriptural citations, 9.26, 14.239, 14.241; tables, 3.60, 3.78; table source notes, 2.31, 3.77; between titles and subtitles, 1.19, 8.164–65, 14.89–91, 14.96, 14.151, 14.169; transcriptions of discussions or interviews, 13.48; twenty-four-hour system of time, 9.39, 9.40; between volume and page numbers, 14.23, 14.116, 14.152, 14.177, 15.23, 15.48
See also punctuation; semicolons
colophons (logos), 1.19, 1.69, 1.70, p. 977
colophons (production details), 1.67, p. 977
color
in charts and graphs, 3.43
continuous tone vs. halftone images, 3.3, 3.6, p. 978
in editing paper-only manuscripts, 2.91, 12.65
in electronic journals, 1.107
in electronic supplementary data, 1.78
for ethnic groups, 8.38
hyphenation of, 7.89
in illustrations, 1.6, 2.37, 3.3, 3.15, 3.19, 3.43
for journal covers, 1.84
in line art, 3.19
names for, 7.89 (sec. 1)
process printing, 8.11
for proofreading marks, 2.123
and punctuation, 6.3
for tracking changes, 2.84
color proofs, p. 977. See also prepress
color separation, pp. 977–78
columns
avoiding multiple, 2.23
in indexes, 1.65, 16.24, 16.135, 16.138
in vertical lists, 6.130
See also magazines; newspapers; tables; tabular material
combining forms, 7.82, 7.89 (secs. 2, 4)
command papers (UK), 14.302
commands, 5.214. See also imperative sentences
commas, 6.16–55
with abbreviations: academic and professional designations, 10.21, 10.22; addresses, mailing, 10.27, 10.29; e.g. and i.e., 5.250; etc. and et al., 6.20; Inc., Ltd., and such, 6.44; Jr., Sr., and such, 6.43; old series and new series, 14.126, 14.184
with clauses: in compound predicates, 6.23; dependent, 6.24–27; independent, 6.22–23, 6.32; relative, 6.27; restrictive and nonrestrictive, 5.23, 6.27, 6.28
em dashes instead of, 6.85
in indexes: and alphabetizing, 16.59–61; cross-references, 16.19–20; generally, 16.94; inverted names (see indexing: names, personal); locators, 16.25, 16.94; titles ending with question mark or exclamation point, 16.54
marking manuscript for, 2.93, 2.94
marking proofs for, 2.132
other punctuation with: apostrophes, 6.118; brackets, 6.18; ellipses, 13.54; exclamation points, 6.125; parentheses, 6.18, 6.98; question marks, 6.42, 6.125; quotation marks, 2.80, 6.9, 6.40
pairs of, 6.17, 6.26, 6.32
vs. parentheses, 6.95
serial (Oxford), 6.19–21, 6.23, 8.165, 14.135
in source citations: with access dates, 14.176; and other stories and such, 14.92; between authors’ names, 14.76; classical Greek and Latin works, 14.245; interviews and personal communications, 15.53; legal-style citations, 14.273; magazine article page numbers, 14.188; nonconsecutive locators, 14.148; notes, 14.19, 14.20; or with double titles, 14.91; page and issue numbers, 14.177, 15.47; periodical citations, 14.167, 14.171, 14.176; with publication details, 14.127–28; publishers’ names, 14.134–35; text citations, 15.7, 15.9, 15.23, 15.29, 15.30, 15.44, 15.45; titles of works, 14.91, 14.93, 14.229; with volume numbers, 14.152
uses, other: addresses, 6.39, 10.27, 10.29; adverbial phrases, 6.31, 6.32; appositives, 5.23, 6.28, 6.41; with but, 5.250; captions, 3.24; compound predicates, 6.23; conjunctive adverbs, 6.49, 6.57; and consecutive conjunctions, 6.26; coordinate adjectives, 5.91, 6.36; with coordinating conjunctions, 6.22, 6.32; dates, 5.83, 6.17, 6.38, 9.54; direct address, 6.53; editorial interpolations, 6.18; global positioning coordinates, 10.36; glossed American Sign Language, 11.133; grammatical ellipses, 6.54; homonyms, 6.55; with including, 6.50; interjections, 5.206, 6.35; introductory phrases, 6.30–31, 6.33–35, 13.14; with Jr., Sr., and such, 6.43, 16.41; lists, 6.129, 6.131, 12.19; mathematical expressions, 12.16, 12.18, 12.19, 12.28, 12.36, 12.38; with not phrases, 6.45, 6.46; numbers, 9.54–56, 9.63; parenthetical elements in sentences, 6.48, 6.51; participial phrases, 6.30, 6.32; place-names, 5.69, 6.39; preceding main clause, 6.24; questions, 6.42; quotations, 6.40, 13.14; quoted titles or expressions, 6.41; repeated adjectives, 6.37; such as, 6.50; suspended hyphens, 7.88; that is, namely, for example, and such, 6.51; the more, the less, and such, 6.47; titles of works, 6.17, 8.165, 8.167, 16.48, 16.49; with too and either, 6.52; twenty-four-hour system of time, 9.40; and which vs. that, 6.27
when to omit, 6.125
See also punctuation
commercial terms and abbreviations, 10.69
common expressions, 7.60, 7.64. See also colloquial speech; figures of speech; maxims
common-law copyright, 4.2, 4.15, 4.19, 4.23
common nouns (concrete, abstract, and collective), 5.5
communications. See interviews and discussions; personal communications
comp (comprehensive layout; compositor), p. 978
companies. See business and commerce; company names
company names
abbreviations, 8.189, 10.23–25, 14.133, 14.136
alphabetizing of, 16.89
ampersands in, 6.21, 10.24, 14.135
articles in, 8.68, 14.134, 16.88
capitalization, 8.68, 8.69
corporate features in, 14.134, 14.136
Inc., Ltd., and such with, 6.44, 6.123, 10.23, 10.24
indexing of, 16.89
non-English names, 10.23, 14.135, 14.136
omissible parts of, 14.134
possessives of, 7.17
spelled out in running text, 10.24
with unusual capitalization (e.g., eBay), 8.69
comparative adjectives, 5.85, 5.87–88, 5.201
comparative adverbs, 5.163, 5.201
comparison or degree, 5.201. See also degrees under adjectives and adverbs
compass points and directions
abbreviations, 10.34, 10.35
capitalization, 8.46, 8.47
hyphenation of, 7.89 (sec. 1)
latitude and longitude, 10.36
competing publications, 4.52
compilations of previously published material, 2.43–47
and copyright, 2.46, 4.5
illustrations in, 2.47
notes in, 2.45
permissible changes to, 2.44, 2.61
permissions for, 4.105
source notes in, 1.50, 2.46, 14.54
as work made for hire, 4.10
See also anthologies; compilers; derivative works; previously published materials
compilers
abbreviation of term in source citations, 10.42, 14.103–4, 15.36
in addition to author, 14.104
as authors of forewords, 1.40
biographical notes on, 1.66
and copyright, 4.8
notes on changes, 2.44
permissions as responsibility of, 4.105
in place of author, 14.103, 15.36
See also compilations of previously published material; editors
complex (phrasal) prepositions, 5.174
complex sentences, 5.219, 5.225
composition sign, 12.15
compositors and composition. See typesetters and typesetting; typographic considerations
compound adverbs, 5.161, 7.86, 7.89
compound-complex sentences, 5.220
compound predicates, 6.23
compound sentences, 5.218
compound terms
abbreviated, 6.80
adjectives as, 6.80
adverbs as, 5.161, 7.86, 7.89
alphabetizing of, 16.58, 16.60, 16.72, 16.84
in ASL, 11.129
and bias-free language, 5.257
closed compounds, trend toward, 7.83
conjunctions as, 5.197
defined, 7.82
en dashes in, 6.80–81
genitives of, 5.20
hyphenation, 7.81–89; adverbs ending in -ly, 7.86, 7.89; with compound modifiers, 5.92, 5.93, 7.8, 7.85; en dash vs. hyphen, 6.80; ethnic groups and nationalities, 7.89 (sec. 2), 8.39; guide to, 7.89; headline-style titles, 8.161, 11.26; and line breaks, 2.112; personal names, 8.6; with prefixes or suffixes, 6.80, 7.40, 7.81, 8.161
names, personal, 8.6, 16.72
names, proper, 5.6, 7.85, 7.89
non-English languages: French, 11.26; German, 11.44; Greek, 11.121; Latin, 11.58; Spanish, 11.68
open, generally, 6.106, 7.82, 16.58
permanent, 7.82
person pronouns (-self forms), 5.48, 5.51, 5.250
in phrasal adjectives, 5.79, 5.92, 5.93, 7.85, 7.89 (secs. 2, 3)
plurals of, 7.7
possessives of, 7.24
prepositional phrases with, 5.179
prepositions as, 5.173
pronoun case errors in, 5.37
pronouns, relative, 5.65
readability of, 7.84
slashes with, 6.106
suspended (second part omitted), 7.88, 7.89 (sec. 1)
temporary, 7.82
types of, 7.82, 7.83
and word division, 2.112, 7.40, 7.42, 11.44
See also hyphens and hyphenation; prefixes; suffixes; word division
computer software. See software
computer terminology, 7.76–80
abbreviations in, 7.77, 7.80, 9.11, 10.39, 10.40, 10.49
application-specific variations in, 7.76
apps, devices, and operating systems, 7.78, 8.155
binary systems, 9.11
capitalization, 7.77, 7.79, 7.80, 8.155
fonts for, 7.79
resources for, 7.76
computer-to-plate (CTP) technology, p. 978
concert reviews, 14.201, 14.203
conclusions, 1.4, 1.48, 1.53, 1.76
concordances, 16.5
concrete nouns, 5.5, 5.7
conditional clauses (protases), 5.228
conferences
announcements of, 1.86, 1.89, 1.99
names of, 8.70
papers and posters presented at, 14.217
proceedings of, 1.18, 1.39, 4.8, 4.59, 14.217
See also speeches; unpublished and informally published materials; working papers
conflicts of interest, 1.95
Congress, US. See US Congress
Congressional Globe, 14.287
Congressional Record, 14.286
conjugation. See verbs
conjunctions, 5.196–205
adverbial, 5.202
as and as if, 5.185
beginning a sentence with, 5.203, 5.204, 5.250
compound predicates joined by, 6.23
consecutive, 6.26
defined, 5.196
in imperative sentences, 6.22
independent clauses with, 6.22, 6.32, 6.59
in index subentries, 16.68
as interjections, 5.208
vs. prepositions, 5.184
punctuation with, 6.19, 6.22, 6.23, 6.26, 6.32, 6.59
and quotations in text, 6.40
than as, 5.183
types: coordinating, 5.198, 5.230, 6.22, 6.26, 6.32, 8.159; correlative, 5.198, 5.199, 5.230, 5.244, 5.250; simple vs. compound, 5.197; subordinating, 5.175, 5.200–201, 5.225, 6.24, 6.26
and verb number, 5.205
in vertical lists, 6.131
See also and; but; or
conjunctive adverbs (however, therefore, and such), 5.204, 6.49, 6.57
connecting (linking) verbs, 5.45, 5.82, 5.93, 5.101, 5.154, 5.170, 6.30
connectives, misleading, 5.142
constitutions and amendments, 8.80, 9.28, 14.272, 14.280
contact clauses, 5.226
content proof, 2.140
continents, 8.45, 8.53
continued lines
in indexes, 16.139
in tables, 3.86–87, fig. 3.25
continuous (imperfect, progressive) tenses, 5.119, 5.128, 5.135
continuous publishing model, 1.82, 1.113, 14.174
continuous-tone artwork, 3.3, p. 978
contractions
apostrophes in, 5.50, 6.116, 7.30
defined, 5.105, 10.2
in non-English languages, 11.40, 11.48
non-US-style, 10.4, 10.23
with not, 5.231
vs. possessives, 5.50
in verb phrases, 5.104
contract proof, p. 978
contracts, private, 14.219
contracts, publication. See publishing agreements
contributed volumes. See collective works; multiauthor volumes
contributors to multiauthor volumes and journals
biographical notes, 1.100, 14.55
communications with, 2.68
lists of: vs. biographical notes, 14.55; cross-checking, 2.32; format and placement of, 1.4, 1.50, 1.64, 1.100, fig. 1.10; volume editor’s responsibility for, 2.41
manuscript preparation guidelines, 2.36
other (ghostwriters, authors of forewords, etc.), 14.105
publishing agreements for, 2.42, 4.55–57, 4.58, 4.59, fig. 4.1
See also authors; authors’ names; journal articles; manuscript preparation guidelines for authors; multiauthor volumes
controlled vocabularies, 1.93
conversation. See dialogue; direct address; speech
coordinate adjectives, 5.91, 6.36
coordinate clauses, 5.218, 5.220
coordinated universal time (UTC), 10.41
coordinate nouns, 5.75
coordinating conjunctions, 5.198, 5.230, 6.22, 6.26, 6.32, 8.159
coordination, 5.242
copula (linking) verbs, 5.45, 5.82, 5.93, 5.101, 5.154, 5.170, 6.30
copy, types of, 2.110
copyediting. See manuscript editing; manuscript editors
copyright, 4.1–38
accuracy and candor in process, 4.49
alternatives to, 4.62
assignment or licensing of, 4.34–38
authorship rights, 4.6, 4.13–18
authorship varieties, 4.7–12; collective works, 4.8; individual and joint authors, 4.7, 4.12; “life plus seventy” rule, 4.23, 4.25, 4.26; original owner, 1.22, 1.24, 4.6, 4.11, 4.42; works made for hire, 4.9–12, 4.24, 4.38
benefits of registering, 4.50
changes in, 1.24
date of, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 14.142
deposit requirements, 4.47
and derivative works, 4.14, 4.31, 4.45
of dissertations and theses, 4.60
dual system of, 4.2, 4.19, 4.23
duration: jointly authored works, 4.23; lengthened in 1978, 4.20; overview, table 4.1; for works created after 1977, 4.23–25, 4.98; for works created before 1978, 4.19, 4.26–30, 4.98
electronic publications, 4.13, 4.47, 4.63–66, 14.14
extensive paraphrasing under, 4.89
importance of, 4.1
law relevant to, 4.2, 4.10, 4.19, 4.26
material covered by, 4.3, 4.5
of material derived from public-domain works, 4.22
for new editions, 4.28
of non-US publications, 4.29–30, 4.47
of online publications, 4.13, 4.47, 14.14, 14.267
and open-access publishing models, 4.61
and photocopying, 4.17, 4.35, 4.55, 4.64, 4.66
preregistration, 4.50
of previously published materials, 2.46, 4.5
and public display, 4.13, 4.14, 4.34
publisher’s responsibilities for, 4.32
“reasonable effort” to correct mistakes, 4.45
registration of, 4.4, 4.19, 4.46, 4.48–50
renewal of, 1.24, 4.19, 4.27, 4.31–33, 4.41, 14.143
subdivision of, 4.34
subsidiary rights, 4.64–69; author’s electronic use of own works, 4.66; author’s retention of, 4.18; vs. basic rights, 4.17; categories of, 4.64; distribution outside the US, 4.34, 4.64, 4.76; economic considerations, 4.65, 4.66, 4.69; electronic rights, 4.63, 4.64, 4.65; granting permissions for, 4.70, 4.71; moral, 4.15; non-US publications, 4.29–30; and public-access policies, 4.68; translation rights, 4.34, 4.64; university licenses, 4.67
symbol for, 1.22, 4.41, 10.43
termination of transfers under, 4.38
word forms for, 5.250
works ineligible for, 4.11
See also copyright notice; copyright page, contents of; fair-use doctrine; illustration credits and credit lines; intellectual property rights; licenses for copyrighted works; permissions; publishing agreements
Copyright Act (1976) (and amendments), 1.20, 4.2, 4.20, 4.84
Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 1.79, 1.103, 4.97
copyright lines, journals, 1.79, 1.84, 1.86, 1.95, 1.103, 2.134
copyright management information, 4.15
copyright notice, 4.39–46
components, 1.22, 4.41–46, figs. 1.1–2
as copyright management information, 4.15
different regimes of, 4.2, 4.40
mistakes in, 4.39, 4.46
necessity for, 4.27
in notes, unnumbered, 14.54
old rules removed, 4.4, 4.39
placement of, 1.20, 1.22, 4.43, figs. 1.1–4
renewal, 1.24
types of material: derivative works, 4.45; electronic publications, 1.122; government-produced works, 4.44; journals, 1.79, 1.84, 1.86, 1.95, 1.103, 2.109, 2.134, 4.43
copyright page, contents of
acknowledgments, 1.20, 1.30, 1.31, figs. 1.3–4
author’s previous publications, 1.18
changes and renewals, 1.24
CIP data, 1.20, 1.34, fig. 1.1
copyright notice, 1.20, 1.22, 4.43, figs. 1.1–4
country of printing, 1.20, 1.27
DOIs, 1.20, 1.28, 1.33, fig. 1.1, figs. 1.3–4
editions, 1.20, 1.23, 1.25, 1.26, 14.113, fig. 1.2
examples, figs. 1.1–4
grant information, 1.31
illustration credits, 1.30, 1.73, 3.30, 4.78
impression line, 1.20, 1.28, figs. 1.1–4
ISBN, 1.20, 1.32, fig. 1.1
pagination omitted from, 1.7
paper durability statement, 1.20, 1.35, fig. 1.1
permissions, 1.20, 1.30, 4.78, fig. 1.4
place of publication, 14.129
proofreading of, 2.134
publication date, 1.22, 1.25, 14.142
publisher’s address, 1.20, 1.21
publisher’s responsibility for, 2.3, 2.57
publishing history, 1.25
running heads omitted from, 1.11
translation information, 1.29, fig. 1.3
See also copyright notice
corporations. See business and commerce; organization names
correlative conjunctions, 5.198–99, 5.230, 5.244, 5.250. See also either . . . or; neither . . . nor; not only . . . but also
correspondence. See letters
could, can, 5.146, 5.250
counter, as prefix, 7.89 (sec. 4)
counties, judicial bodies of, 8.64
countries
adjectives from names, 5.69, 8.45
capitalization, 11.61
in newspaper titles, 14.193
in place of publication, 14.130
regions of, 8.47, 8.54
when to abbreviate names, 10.31, 10.32, 14.290
See also cities and towns; governmental entities; states (US); and specific countries
courses of study, 8.86
courtesy, in illustration credit lines, 3.34, 4.102
courts, 14.276–79
basic elements in source citations, 14.276
Canadian, 14.294
international, 14.304
names and terms, treatment in text, 8.64
United Kingdom, 14.298
US federal, 14.278
US state and local, 14.279
US Supreme Court, 4.93, 14.277
See also legal and public documents; legal-style citations
cover image, 1.75, 1.84
covers of journals and paperback books
artwork, 1.30, 1.73, 4.77, 4.90, 4.100, 4.101
author’s previous publications, 1.18
biographical notes, 1.66, 1.70, 1.71
colophons (logos), 1.69, 1.70
country of printing, 1.27
defined, p. 978
design of, 1.115
DOIs, 1.33
endpapers, 1.72
and front matter, 1.85
gatefolds (French flaps), 1.70
as historical context, 1.105
illustration credit lines, 1.73
image of, 1.75, 1.84
ISBNs and bar codes, 1.32, 1.69, 1.74, 1.75, 1.84
metadata on, 1.75
promotional copy on, 1.70
proofreading of, 2.103, 2.108, 2.109, 2.134
table of contents, 1.87, 2.109
See also hardcover books: jackets
Creative Commons (CC) licenses, 3.32, 3.34, 4.52, 4.60, 4.62
credits and credit lines. See illustration credits and credit lines
criminal cases. See legal cases
Croatian language, 11.70
cropping, 3.19, p. 978
cross, compound terms with, 7.89 (sec. 3)
CrossMark, 1.112
Crossref (DOI registration agency), 1.33, 1.79, 1.112, 14.8
cross-references, in indexes, 16.15–23
accuracy, 16.130
alphabetizing in, 16.17, 16.20
and used with generic, 16.23
blind, 16.16
capitalization of, 16.17, 16.18, 16.20
checking and editing, 16.126, 16.130, 16.133
correspondence with entry wording, 16.21
dedicated indexing software for, 16.104
vs. double posting, 16.16
following subentries, 16.10, 16.18, 16.20, 16.26
generally, 16.15
generic, 16.23
in indented style, 16.20, 16.26, 16.28
italics in, 16.15, 16.20, 16.22, 16.23
for organization names, 16.46, 16.89
overuse of, 16.15
for personal names: Arabic names, 16.75; Chinese names, 16.77; as corporate names, 16.89; married women’s, 16.36; with numbers, 9.42; with particles, 16.71; Portuguese and Spanish names, 16.83, 16.84; saints, 16.42; titled persons, 16.38; Vietnamese, 16.86
placement and punctuation, 16.17–20, 16.23, 16.26, 16.95–97
for place-names, 16.93
in run-in style, 16.20, 16.25, 16.96
“see also” and “see also under,” 16.20, 16.26, 16.96
“see” and “see under,” 16.16–19, 16.96
shortened, 16.21
to subentries, 16.19, 16.20
and term choice, 16.29, 16.30, 16.126
typing and modifying, 16.122
cross-references, in source citations
alternative real names, 14.82
authors preferring initials, 14.74
legal-style citations, 14.272
newspapers, 14.196
pseudonyms, 14.81
several chapters from same book, 15.42
in text citations, 15.30
cross-references, in text
alterations in, 2.136
cf. and see, 14.42
checking and editing, 2.32, 2.35, 2.60
electronic publications, 1.120, 1.121, 2.35
for illustrations, 2.28
mathematical copy, 12.24, 12.25
mathematical enunciations, 12.56
notes and citations, 14.28, 14.31
in previously published materials, 2.44
proofreading, 2.134
specific page numbers, 2.35, 2.60
to whole chapters, 2.35, 8.180
See also hyperlinks
CSS (cascading style sheets), p. 978
cultivated varieties (cultivars), 8.130
cultural movements and styles
descriptive designations, 8.72
period names, 8.73, 8.74
treatment in text, 8.60, 8.61, 8.79, 11.88
See also historical and cultural terminology
curly braces in mathematical expressions. See delimiters
currency, 9.20–25
dates with, 9.25
K abbreviation in, 9.24
large amounts of, 9.24
non-US, 9.21–23, 9.25
resources on, 9.21
words vs. symbols and numerals for, 9.20
curves, in graphs, 3.43
cut-in heads (tables), 3.53, 3.58, fig. 3.14
cyan, p. 978
cyber, as prefix, 7.89 (sec. 4)
Cyrillic alphabet
and capitalization, 11.99
languages using, 11.70
titles of works, 11.100
transliteration, 11.98, table 11.3
and word division, 11.104–8
See also Russian language
Czech language, 11.70