Index

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

References are to paragraph numbers except where specified as table, figure (fig.), or page number (p.). Page numbers in the online edition link directly to terms in the glossary.

a and an
and abbreviations, 5.250, 7.33, 10.9
choice between, 5.74, 5.250, 7.32, 7.33
and coordinate nouns, 5.75
as indefinite articles, 5.70, 5.72, 5.73
meaning affected by, 5.75, 5.76, 5.77
omitted from titles in running text, 8.169
in titles, disregarded in alphabetizing, 14.71, 14.79, 14.80, 16.51, 16.52, 16.56, 16.68
See also articles (definite and indefinite)
AAs (author’s alterations), 2.70, 2.135, 2.136, p. 975
abbreviations, general
alphabetizing of, 1.44, 15.37, 16.64, 16.93, fig. 1.8
a or an with, 5.250, 7.33, 10.9
articles with, 5.250, 7.33, 10.9
in chart labels, 3.45
in compound terms, 6.80
definitions and uses, 10.2, 10.3
derived from proper names, 10.6, 10.49, 10.52
at end of sentence, 6.14
indexing of, 16.46, 16.49, 16.64
lists of: alphabetizing, 1.44, fig. 1.8; cross-checking, 2.32; format and placement, 1.4, 1.44, 2.23, 14.60, fig. 1.8, fig. 14.3; for frequently cited works, 14.60, fig. 14.7; when to create, 10.3
in notes, 10.3, 10.24, 10.26, 10.27, 10.42, 10.44
numbers with, 7.89 (sec. 1), 9.16–17
plurals of, 7.15, 8.121, 10.49, 10.52, 10.53, 10.65, 14.150
possessives of, 6.43, 6.44, 7.17, 8.189
punctuation with: ampersands, 6.21, 10.10; commas (see commas: with abbreviations); hyphens, 6.80; periods (see periods [punctuation]: with abbreviations); slashes, 6.109, 10.4; and surrounding text, 6.123
spelled out: capitalization, 2.23, 10.6, 10.21, 10.52; marking manuscript for, 2.93; marking proofs for, 2.129; parentheses with, 7.17, 10.3
vs. spelled-out forms: after first occurrence, 1.44, 10.26; repeated after long interval, 10.3 (see also under abbreviations, specific)
in tables, 3.56, 3.62, 3.67, 3.81, fig. 3.12
typographic considerations: capitalization, 10.6, 10.25–26, 10.49, 10.52, 10.63; italic vs. roman type, 2.23, 10.7; line breaks, 7.44; small caps vs. lowercase, 10.41; small vs. full-size capitals, 10.8, 10.38; spacing, 9.16, 9.55–56, 10.5, 10.10, 10.12, 10.49, 10.58, 10.66
word division, 7.44
See also abbreviations, specific; acronyms; contractions; initialisms
abbreviations, specific
Bible, 10.42, 10.44–48, 14.238–39
business and commerce, 10.69 (see also company names below)
commas with: academic and professional designations, 10.21, 10.22; addresses, mailing, 10.27, 10.29; e.g. and i.e., 5.250; etc. and et al., 6.20; Inc., Ltd., and such, 6.44; Jr., Sr., and such, 6.43; o.s., n.s. (old series, new series), 14.126, 14.184
company names, 8.189, 10.23–25, 14.133, 14.134, 14.136
computer terminology, 7.77, 7.80, 9.11, 10.39, 10.40, 10.49
eras, 9.34, 9.64, 10.38, 13.67, 14.59–60, fig. 14.7
geographical terms: compass points, 10.34, 10.35; latitude and longitude, 10.36; postal vs. standard abbreviations, 10.33
for illustrative matter in indexes, 16.116
of italicized terms, 2.23, 10.7
journal titles, 14.170, 15.13, 15.46, 16.49
Latin, 7.55, 10.7, 10.42 (see also et al.; ibid.)
in legal-style citations (see under legal and public documents, source citations for)
in mailing addresses, 10.27, 10.28, 10.29, 10.33, 10.34
mathematical, 12.3, 12.11, 12.17, 12.36, 12.49, 12.60, 12.64, table 12.2
musical works, 8.195, 8.196
names, personal, 10.11–22; civil titles, 10.13, 10.14; given names, 10.11; Jr., Sr., III, and such, 6.43, 7.42, 10.19, 16.41; list of, 14.60; punctuation and spacing, 10.12; with Saint, 16.74; speakers in interviews or discussions, 13.48 (see also initials: in and as names; titles and offices of people below)
organization names, 10.23–26, 14.274, 15.37, 16.46, 16.64
place-names: Canadian provinces and territories, 10.28; city plus state, comma with, 10.29; country names, 10.31, 10.32, 14.290; with Fort, Saint, and such, 10.30, 11.26, 16.93; US, when to use, 10.32; US states and territories, 10.4, 10.8, 10.27, 14.130
in publication details, 1.21
resources on, 10.1
scholarly, 10.42
scientific and technical (see under scientific and technical terminology)
in source citations: classical Greek and Latin works, 14.244–47, 14.250; classic English works, 14.254; editions, 14.113, 15.6; editor, translator, and such, 14.20–21, 14.23, 14.68–69, 14.103–4, 15.6, 15.9, 15.15; frequently cited works, 13.67, 14.59–60, fig. 14.7; interviews and personal communications, 15.53; legal-style citations (see under legal and public documents, source citations for); non-English bibliographic terms, 14.102; organization names, 14.274, 15.37; pseud, 14.80, 15.35; publishers’ names, 14.133–34, 14.136; recto and verso, 14.154–55; reference lists, generally, 15.15; self-published materials, 14.137; states, provinces, and countries, 14.130; s.v. (sub verbo), 14.232; titles of works, 14.59–60, 14.170, 15.13, 15.46, fig. 14.7
vs. spelled-out form: Bible, 10.44; civil titles, 10.13, 10.14; compass points in place-names, 10.34; country names, 10.31, 10.32, 14.290; edited by, 14.20–21, 14.103–4, 14.122, 15.6, 15.9, 15.15; given names, 10.11; latitude and longitude, 10.36; legal and public documents, 14.274; organization names, 10.24, 10.26; Saint, St., 10.20; social titles, 10.16, 10.17; states and territories, 10.27, 10.28; United States vs. US, 10.32
time designations (see under time designations)
titles and offices of people: academic and professional designations, 7.15, 10.4, 10.16, 10.21, 10.22; civil titles, 10.13, 10.14; honorifics, 10.18; military, 8.24, 10.13, 10.15; social titles, 10.4, 10.16, 10.17; St., 10.20
titles of works: italics for, 10.7; resources on, 15.46; vs. short titles, 14.59; in source citations, 14.59–60, 14.170, 15.13, 15.46, fig. 14.7
for typescripts, 14.226
units of measurement (see under units of measurement)
in vessel names, 8.116
See also postal codes; and specific abbreviations
about the author. See biographical notes
abridgements, 2.61, 4.14, 4.75
absolute (independent) possessive pronouns, 5.49
absolute (positive) adjectives, 5.84
absolute (positive) adverbs, 5.162
absolute constructions, 5.35, 5.111
abstractions, 8.37, 8.94
abstract nouns, 5.5, 5.7
abstracts
of books, 1.76, 2.25
and copyright issues, 4.64
of dissertations and theses, 14.215
of journal articles, 1.87, 1.92–95, 2.25, 14.186
manuscript preparation guidelines, 2.3, 2.25
and metadata, 1.92, 2.25
proofreading of, 2.100
source citations for, 14.186, 14.215
Abu, Abd, Ibn, 16.75
academic concerns
course names, 8.86
degrees and affiliations: abbreviations, 7.15, 10.4, 10.16, 10.21, 10.22; of author, 1.19, 1.50, 1.64, 1.66, 1.92, 1.95, 1.100; capitalization, 8.29, 10.21, 10.22; in contributors’ list, 1.64, 2.41, fig. 1.10; omitted in source citations, 14.73
honors and awards, 8.31, 8.83
institutions and departments, 6.81, 8.68, 8.85, 14.215, 14.217 (see also institutions; universities)
lectures and lecture series, 8.87, 14.217, 14.264, 14.267
letter grades, 7.65
student status terms, 8.29
subjects and disciplines, 7.2, 8.30, 8.85, 8.86
titles and offices, 8.28–31, 16.40
See also universities
academic year, 1.80. See also publication date
accents. See special characters
access dates
author-date reference system, 15.50
generally, 14.12
journal articles, 1.83, 14.176
maps, 14.237
reference works, 14.233
scientific databases, 14.257
websites and web pages, 14.12, 14.207, 15.50
accessibility
illustrations, 3.28
resources for, 2.82n1, 3.28, 12.2n1
subsidiary rights for, 4.64
tables, 3.88
text-to-speech tools, 2.82n1, 3.28, 7.49, 12.2n1
accession numbers for databases, 2.34, 14.215, 14.257, 14.270
access rights
and abstracts, 1.93
and database searches, 1.111
as metadata, 1.92
open-access publishing models, 4.52, 4.60, 4.61, 4.66
in table of contents, 1.87
accordingly, 6.57
accusative case. See objective (accusative) case
ache, compound terms with, 7.89 (sec. 3)
acknowledgments
on copyright page, 1.20, 1.30, 1.31, figs. 1.3–4
of data sources, 3.77
format of term, 8.179
of grants and subventions, 1.20, 1.31
illustration credits in, 3.30
in journals, 1.89, 1.95
material appropriate for, 1.43
omitted in indexing, 16.109
and permissions, 4.102, 4.103
placement in book, 1.4, 1.41, 1.42
separate section for, 1.42, 4.103
submission of, 2.3
in table notes, 3.77
in unnumbered notes, 14.55
acquisition numbers, for musical recordings, 14.263
acronyms
as adjectives, 10.9
articles with, 5.250, 7.33, 10.9
capitalization, 10.6, 10.26
definition and use, 10.2
disease and medical terms, 8.144
indexing of, 16.49, 16.64
journal titles, 16.49
small vs. full-size capitals for, 10.8
space omitted in, 10.5
See also abbreviations, general; abbreviations, specific; initialisms
active voice, 5.19, 5.115, 5.118, 5.119, 5.135, 5.192
acts and treaties
source citations for, 14.275, 14.290
treatment in text, 8.66, 8.80, 8.81
See also legal and public documents
AD (anno Domini), and such, 9.34, 9.64, 10.38
additions and insertions
marking manuscript for, 2.94, 2.95, fig. 2.6
marking proofs for, 2.125, fig. 2.6
stetting or reversal of, 2.130
address, spoken. See dialogue; direct address; speech; speeches
addresses, email
hyperlinks to, 1.121
line breaks in, 7.46
omitted in source citations, 14.214
punctuation with, 6.8, 6.104
treatment in text, 14.17
See also addresses, mailing; URLs
addresses, mailing
abbreviations in, 10.4, 10.8, 10.27–29, 10.33–34
compass points in, 10.34
numbers in, 9.50–52, 9.54
publishers’, 1.19, 1.20, 1.21, 1.84, 1.95
treatment in text, 6.39, 10.27, 10.29
See also addresses, email; compass points and directions; geographical terminology
adhesive binding, p. 975
adjective clusters, 5.168
adjectives, 5.68–96
acronyms as, 10.9
attributive, 5.79
avoiding bias in uses, 5.260
be-verbs as part of, 5.154
clusters, 5.168
coinage of (see derived from proper names below)
compound, 6.80
dates as, 5.83
defined, 5.68
degrees, 5.84–89; comparative, 5.85, 5.87–88, 5.201; equal and unequal comparisons, 5.88; noncomparable, 5.89; positive (absolute), 5.84; superlative, 5.86, 5.87, 7.89 (sec. 1)
dependent clauses as, 5.219, 5.225
derived from proper names: in non-English languages, 11.26, 11.39, 11.70; from organization names, 8.62; from personal names, 8.60, 8.61; from place-names, 5.69, 8.45; proper adjectives, defined, 5.69; religious terms, 8.96, 8.97 (see also proper adjectives)
hyphens with, 7.89 (sec. 2)
infinitives as, 5.107
as interjections, 5.208
irregular, 5.87
as nouns (adnouns), 5.94
nouns as, 5.24, 5.259, 7.27, 7.89 (sec. 2)
and parenthetical elements in sentences, 6.48
participles as, 5.90, 5.111
position, 5.79–83; after possessive pronouns, 5.80; basic rules, 5.79; and dates, 5.83; meaning affected by, 5.76, 5.77; predicate, 5.79, 5.82; when modifying pronoun, 5.81
postpositive, 5.79
predicate, 5.79, 5.82
prepositional phrases as, 5.176, 5.178
and pronouns, 5.29, 5.49, 5.78, 5.80, 5.81
punctuation: commas, 5.91, 6.36–37; dates in text, 5.83; hyphenation, 5.92, 5.93, 6.80
relative, 5.56
repeated, 6.37
sex-specific labels as, 5.259
special types: coordinate, 5.91, 6.36; participial, 5.90, 5.111; phrasal (compound modifiers), 5.79, 5.92, 5.93, 7.85, 7.89 (secs. 2, 3)
as verbs, 5.95
See also articles (definite and indefinite)
adjuncts, 5.68. See also adjectives
administrative bodies, 8.63. See also business and commerce; governmental entities; institutions; organization names
adnouns, 5.94
adverbial clauses, 5.225
adverbial objectives, 5.26
adverbs, 5.156–71
adverbial conjunctions, 5.202
adverbial phrases, 5.158, 5.161, 6.31, 6.32, 7.89 (sec. 3)
compound, 5.161, 7.86, 7.89
in compound modifiers, 7.85
conjunctive (however, therefore, and such), 5.204, 6.49, 6.57
defined, 5.156
degrees, 5.162–66; comparative, 5.163, 5.201; irregular, 5.165; noncomparable, 5.166; positive (absolute), 5.162; superlative, 5.86, 5.87, 5.164, 7.89 (sec. 1)
dependent clauses as, 5.225
flat (bare), 5.160, 5.250
formation of, 5.158
formed from nouns, 5.158
hyphens with, 7.89 (sec. 2)
infinitives as, 5.107
as interjections, 5.208
in introductory phrases, 6.31
-ly ending, 5.93, 5.158, 5.160, 5.163, 5.164, 7.85, 7.86, 7.89 (sec. 2)
for negation, 5.230, 5.233
nouns as (adverbial objectives), 5.26
phrasal, 5.161
phrasal verbs as, 5.102
position, 5.167–71; and linking verbs, 5.170; meaning affected by, 5.167; modifying intransitive verbs, 5.169, 5.170; modifying participles, 5.114; modifying words other than verbs, 5.168, 7.89 (sec. 2); replacing prepositional phrases, 5.190; in verb phrases, 5.104, 5.171
prepositional phrases as, 5.176, 5.178
vs. prepositions, 5.184
punctuation with, 6.31, 6.49, 6.57
sentence, 5.157
simple, 5.160
in split infinitives, 5.108
and suffixes, 5.158–59, 5.163–64
See also infinitives; participles
advertising. See promotion
affixes. See prefixes; suffixes
African languages, 11.23–24. See also Arabic language
after, 5.202, 5.250
afterwords, 1.4, 1.26, 1.54, 14.110
agents, literary, 4.18
age terms, hyphenation of, 7.89 (sec. 1)
aggregators, 1.105, 4.63, 4.64, 4.65
agreement
of pronoun with antecedent, 5.42
of verb with subject, 5.138, 5.139, 5.141, 5.143, 5.205, 5.250
ah, 6.35
AH (anno Hegirae or anno Hebraico), and such, 9.34, 9.64, 10.38
aircraft, 8.2, 8.116–18. See also vehicles and vessels
a.k.a., 10.69
al, el (Arabic definite article), 8.14, 11.79, 11.80, 16.75
Albanian language, 11.70
albeit, 5.201
albums, 8.197
alignment
of facing pages, 2.117
marking manuscript for, 2.98
marking proofs for, 2.127
in mathematical expressions, 12.9, 12.18, 12.20, 12.21, 12.23, 12.38, 12.67
in outlines, 6.132
of quotation marks in poetry, 13.28
in tables: cells, 3.70–74, figs. 3.19–21; decimal points, 3.72, 3.86, figs. 3.14–15, fig. 3.20
See also lists in text; margins
all, compound terms with, 7.89 (sec. 3)
all caps
acronyms and initialisms, 10.6, 10.25–26
computer terminology, 7.77, 8.155
for emphasis, 7.52
gene symbols, 8.132
newspaper headlines, 14.192
postal codes, 10.33
See also abbreviations, general; abbreviations, specific; acronyms; initialisms
along with, 5.142
alphabetizing, 16.56–93
abbreviations and abbreviations lists, 1.44, 15.37, 16.46, 16.64, 16.93, fig. 1.8
articles disregarded in, 14.71, 14.79–80, 15.34, 16.48–49, 16.51–52, 16.56, 16.68, 16.88, 16.91
basic rule for indexing, 16.56
bibliographies, 2.63, 14.62, 14.65–66, 14.71, fig. 14.8
checking, in indexes, 16.133
vs. chronological order, 16.70
compound terms, 16.58, 16.60, 16.72, 16.84
computerized sorting, 14.65, 14.67, 15.17, 16.5, 16.57, 16.104, 16.123
dates, 16.65
dedicated indexing software for, 16.104, 16.123
glossaries, 1.61
index cross-references, 16.17, 16.20
indexes of first lines, 16.144, 16.145
index main headings, 16.56
index subentries, 16.68–70
index subentries, generally, 16.68–70
letter-by-letter: basics of, 16.59; for bibliographies, 14.65; for indexes of first lines, 16.144, 16.145; preferred, 16.58; word-by-word compared, 16.57, 16.58, 16.61, 16.123
list of contributors, 1.64, fig. 1.10
names, non-English personal, 16.75–87; Arabic, 16.75; Asian, other, 16.87; Burmese, 16.76; Chinese, 16.77; Hungarian, 8.13, 16.78; Indian, 16.79; Indonesian, 16.80; Japanese, 16.81; Korean, 16.82; Portuguese, 16.83; Spanish, 16.83, 16.84; Thai, 16.85; Vietnamese, 16.86
names, personal: basic rules, 16.71–75; compound, 16.72; as corporate names, 16.89; with initials, 8.13, 16.63, 16.78; with Mac, Mc, or O’, 16.73; with numbers, 16.66; with particles, 16.71, 16.84; with Saint, 16.74; sovereigns and other rulers, 16.37; titled persons, 16.38 (see also names, non-English personal above)
non-English words, 16.67, 16.92
numerals, 16.65, 16.66, 16.103
vs. numerical order for index subentries, 16.69
organization names, 16.46, 16.64, 16.88–89
as part of indexing process, 16.122, 16.123
person, place, and thing with same name, 16.62
place-names, 16.90–93
and prepositions, 16.53, 16.68
publisher’s preferences, 16.103
and punctuation, 16.59–61
reference lists, 2.63, 15.11, fig. 15.1
resources on, 16.58
special characters, 16.67
titles of works, 16.51–54, 16.56 (see also articles disregarded in above)
word-by-word, 14.65, 16.57, 16.58, 16.60, 16.61, 16.123
alphabets
dictionary tables, 11.76, 11.91
modernizing archaic letters, 13.7
non-Latin, 11.2, 11.72–73, 11.90, 11.110, 11.115, 11.122, 12.12, tables 11.2–5
See also Arabic language; Cyrillic alphabet; Greek alphabet; Hebrew language; International Phonetic Alphabet; Latin alphabet; letters (alphabet); special characters; Unicode standard; and names of other languages
alterations
author’s (AAs), 2.70, 2.135, 2.136, p. 975
defined, p. 975
designer’s (DAs), 2.135, p. 978
editor’s (EAs), 2.135, 2.136, 14.47, p. 979
and printer’s errors, 2.135, pp. 984, 985
and proofreading, 2.110
alternative questions, 5.212
alternative text, 2.82n1, 3.28, 3.88
although, 5.201
ALWD Guide to Legal Citation (Association of Legal Writing Directors and Barger), 14.269. See also legal-style citations
a.m., p.m., 9.37, 9.38, 10.41
ambitransitive (ergative) verbs, 5.99
American Indians, 7.10, 8.5, 8.38
American Medical Association (AMA), 14.3, 14.76
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 1.35
American Psychological Association (APA), 14.3
American Sign Language (ASL), 11.125–35
and Deaf, deaf terms, 8.43
fingerspelling in, 6.77, 11.130
resources on, 11.127
signed languages, defined, 11.125
signs: components of, 11.126; compound, 11.129; glosses of, 11.128–35; handshapes, 11.132; lexicalized, 11.131; nonmanual, 11.135; pronouns, possessives, and reference, 11.134
ampersands
alphabetizing, 16.64
in company names, 6.21, 10.24, 14.135
initialisms with, 10.10
in legal-style citations, 14.300
for Old and Middle English, 11.123
in publishers’ names, 14.135
serial comma omitted before, 6.21
spacing with, 10.10
in titles of works, 8.165
in URLs and email addresses, 7.46
See also and; conjunctions
analytic vs. synthetic languages, 5.221
anaphoric pronouns, 5.28. See also pronouns: antecedents
and
ampersand for, 6.21
between with, 6.78, 9.60
both with, 5.199, 5.244, 5.250
coordinate adjectives separated by, 5.91
in generic cross-references of indexes, 16.23
in lists, 6.131
pronoun and antecedent with, 5.32, 5.33, 5.34
in publishers’ names, 14.135
punctuation with, 6.19, 6.22, 6.23
sentences beginning with, 5.203, 5.250
and serial commas, 6.19
slash instead of, 6.106
in spelled out numbers, 9.5
as subordinating conjunction, 5.201
in titles of works, 8.165
for two or more authors or editors in source citations, 14.76
and verb number, 5.205
See also ampersands; conjunctions
and if, 6.26
and/or, 5.250
and other stories, 14.92
and so forth or and the like, 6.20, 11.32
and then, 6.23, 6.57
angle brackets
for callouts, 2.30
in generic markup, 2.16, 2.30, 2.81, 6.104
for less than and more than, 3.83, 12.15
in mathematical expressions, 6.104, 12.26, 12.31, 12.55, 12.59
for special characters, 2.16
with URLs, 6.8, 14.17
in XML, 6.104
See also brackets
animals
illustrations, fig. 3.7
resources on, 8.119, 8.128
scientific names, 8.119, 8.120–24, 8.126–27
vernacular names, 8.128–29
animations, 1.107, 2.4. See also multimedia content
Annals of the Congress of the United States, 14.287
annotated bibliographies, 14.64, fig. 14.10
annotations
as copyrightable, 4.5
keyed to line or page numbers, 14.53, figs. 14.5–6
in PDF files, 1.118, 2.71, 2.119, 2.133
See also notes; source citations
announcements in journals, 1.86, 1.87, 1.89, 1.99
anonymity of research subjects, 13.49
anonymous works
copyright of, 4.25
source citations for, 14.79, 14.212, 15.34
use of Anonymous and Anon., 10.42, 14.79, 15.34
ANSI (American National Standards Institute), 1.35
ante, as prefix, 7.89 (sec. 4)
antecedents. See under pronouns
anthologies
author-and-title indexes for, 16.6
as collective works, 4.8
and copyright issues, 4.55, 4.64
editorial additions bracketed in, 6.99
material copyrightable in, 4.5
permissions and fees for, 4.105
unnumbered source notes in, 14.54
See also compilations of previously published material; derivative works
anti, as prefix, 7.89 (sec. 4)
any, 5.7
any, as prefix, 5.238, 5.250
APA (American Psychological Association), 14.3
aphorisms. See figures of speech; maxims
Apocrypha, 8.106, 10.46. See also Bible
apodosis, 5.228
apostrophes, 6.116–18
directional or “smart,” 2.80, 2.85, 6.115, 6.117
and electronic file cleanup, 2.80
marking on manuscript, 2.94
marking on proofs, 2.132
in non-English languages: African languages, 11.24; Chinese, 11.84; Czech, 11.70; French, 11.35; German, 11.40; Greek, 11.116; Hebrew, 11.93; Italian, 11.48, 11.52–53; Japanese, 11.87
other punctuation with, 6.118
in plurals, 6.116, 7.13, 7.15
in possessives: attributive nouns, 7.27; basic use, 5.50, 6.116; compounds, 7.24; for . . . sake expressions, 7.21; general rule, 7.16; genitive case, 7.25; gerunds, 7.28; italicized or quoted terms, 7.29; joint (group) possessives, 5.22; nouns plural in form, singular in meaning, 7.20; with of, 7.26; proper names, 7.17, 7.19, 7.28; two nouns as unit, 7.23; words ending in unpronounced s, 7.18
vs. prime symbol, 9.16
vs. single closing quotation mark, 2.80, 6.9
uses, other: abbreviated decades (e.g., ’70s), 9.33; abbreviated years, 9.30; contractions, 5.50, 6.116, 7.30; vs. hamza, 11.77; inappropriate, 5.49, 5.50, 5.250, 6.117, 7.9, 7.65; legal-style citations, 14.274; nouns, genitive, 5.9, 5.20, 5.21
appendixes
chronologies as, 1.60
discographies in, 1.63
as electronic supplementary data, 1.59, 1.78
figures or illustrations in, numbering of, 3.11
format of term, 8.179
glossaries as, 1.61
indexing of, 16.109
multiple, 1.48
notes to, 1.62
numbering of, 1.59, 8.180
parenthetical references to, 14.56
placement in book, 1.4, 1.59
running heads for, 1.14
submission of, 2.3
as work made for hire, 4.10
appositives
clauses as, 5.227
commas with, 5.23, 6.28, 6.41
defined, 5.23
place-names, 8.54
and pronouns, 5.12, 5.36, 5.51
vs. serial commas, 6.19
subordinating conjunctions in, 5.201
titles and offices of people as, 8.21, 8.30, 8.36
apps
defined, p. 975
functional features in, 1.119
generally, 1.118
indexes in, 1.125
for magazine articles, 14.189
markup for, 2.83
multimedia content, 14.268
names of, 8.154, 8.155
navigation in, 1.120, 1.123
PDF format for, 1.118
proofing and testing of, 2.137, 2.138, 2.139, 2.140
required to read electronic publications (see file formats and devices)
site map for, 2.137
specified in source citations, 14.137, 14.159, 14.160, 14.189, 14.268
terminology specific to, 7.76
video games as, 8.190
See also electronic publications; multiple formats, publications in
Arabic language, 11.76–81
articles, 8.14, 11.79, 11.80, 16.75
capitalization, 8.14, 11.80
names, 8.14, 16.75
resources on, 11.76
special characters, 11.76, 11.77, 11.81, 11.92, table 11.2
spelling, 11.78
word division, 11.81
arabic numerals
building and apartment numbers, 9.52
Chicago’s preference for, 9.67
defined, p. 975
divisions in publications and documents, 9.26, 9.27, 9.28
enzyme names, 8.133
illustrations, 3.12
and line breaks, 7.43
parts of book, 8.180
ranges (inclusive), 9.61, 9.62
roads and thoroughfares, 9.50, 9.51
vs. roman numerals, 14.147, table 9.1
sequels, 8.189
in source citations: classical Greek and Latin works, 14.243, 14.244, 14.249; journal volume numbers, 14.171; parts of books, 8.180, 14.147; parts of poems and plays, 8.184, 14.254; vs. roman numerals, 14.147; scriptural references, 14.241; volume numbers of multivolume works, 14.116
spacecraft, 9.44
table columns, 3.56
text page numbers, 1.4, 1.9, 1.46, 1.47, 2.38
unions and lodges, 9.49
See also inclusive (continuing) numbers; numbers; roman numerals
archaeology, 7.2, 9.34
archival practices, 1.114, 2.78, 2.87. See also backup copies
archives, 4.83, 14.292, 14.296. See also legal and public documents; letters (correspondence); manuscript collections; unpublished and informally published materials
articles (definite and indefinite), 5.70–78
and abbreviations, 5.250, 7.33, 10.9
appropriate use of, 5.74, 5.250, 7.32, 7.33
in Arabic, 8.14, 11.79, 11.80, 16.75
astronomical names with, 8.138, 8.140
a vs. an, 5.74, 5.250, 7.32, 7.33
in blog titles, 8.192
collective nouns with, 5.7
common nouns with, 5.5
coordinate nouns with, 5.75
defined, 5.70
definite, generally, 5.71, 5.73, 5.75
disregarded in alphabetizing, 14.71, 14.79–80, 15.34, 16.48–49, 16.51–52, 16.56, 16.68, 16.88, 16.91
with epithets, 8.35
and gender, 5.11, 5.255
in headline-style capitalization, 8.159
with honorifics, 10.18
indefinite, generally, 5.72–74
in indexes of first lines, 16.144
in index subentries, 16.51, 16.52, 16.68, 16.129
meaning affected by, 5.75, 5.76, 5.77
omission of, 5.77, 8.169, 8.170, 14.33, 14.170, 14.193
organization names with, 8.68, 8.70, 14.134, 16.88, 16.89
in personal names, 8.11, 16.75
place-names with, 8.59, 16.91, 16.92
as pronoun substitute, 5.78
proper names with, generally, 5.6
with titles of people used in apposition, 8.21, 8.30
in titles of works, 8.169–70, 8.192, 14.98, 14.170, 14.193–94, 16.48–49, 16.51–52, 16.56
zero (implicit), 5.77
See also a and an; the
articles, periodical. See journal articles; magazines; newspapers
art styles and movements, 8.79. See also cultural movements and styles
artwork
author’s inventory of, 3.17
commissioned, 3.33
continuous-tone, 3.3, p. 978
copyright issues, 4.15, 4.98
covers and jackets, 1.30, 1.73, 4.77, 4.90, 4.100, 4.101
creators’ names, indexing of, 16.50
credit lines for, 1.30, 1.73, 3.33, 8.199
cropping, scaling, and shading, 3.19
defined, p. 975
identification for publisher, 3.16
inventory of, 3.17–18
original dimensions noted for, 3.27
redrawn by publisher, 3.20
scans, 2.27, 3.15
source citations for, 14.235–37
submission to publisher, 2.2, 2.4, 2.27, 3.3, 3.4, 3.15–20
titles of, 8.198–201; in captions, 3.22; cartoons, 8.200; exhibition catalogs, 8.201, 14.236; generic, 3.22; indexing, 16.50; maps, 8.199, 14.237; paintings, statues, and such, 8.57, 8.198; in source citations, 14.86, 14.235
use of term, 3.1
See also captions; illustrations
as, 5.196, 5.201, 5.202
as, as if, 5.185, 5.250
as, like, 5.185, 5.250
as . . . as, 5.46, 5.88, 5.199
ascenders, p. 975
ASCII (plain-text) files, p. 985
as far as, 5.201, 5.250
as follows, 6.64, 13.16. See also introductory words and phrases
Asian names
Burmese, 16.76
Chinese, 8.15, 11.83, 11.85, 11.88, 16.77
Indian, 16.79
Indonesian, 8.18, 16.80
Japanese, 8.16, 11.88, 16.81
Korean, 8.17, 16.82
other, 8.18, 16.87
Thai, 16.85
Vietnamese, 16.86
See also South Asian languages
as if, 5.201, 5.250
ASL. See American Sign Language
as much as, 5.201
as so, so as, 5.199, 5.244
associations, 8.70, 10.26. See also organization names
as soon as, 5.201
asterisks
for footnotes, 14.25, 14.27, 14.49, 14.51, fig. 14.4
in legal-style citations, 14.276
in tables, 3.79, 3.80, fig. 3.22
for text breaks, 1.58, 2.8
as though, 5.201
astronomical and astrophysical terminology, 8.137–42
abbreviations in, 9.10, 10.60–62
celestial bodies, 8.138–42, 10.61
descriptive terms, 8.142
Myr and Gyr, 9.10
resources on, 8.137, 10.60, 10.62
sun and moon, 8.141
See also metric system; scientific and technical terminology
as well as, 5.142, 5.201, 6.19
at, in legal-style citations, 14.273, 14.276, 14.285
atlases, 4.10
at sign (@), 16.64
attribute pronouns, 5.45
attribution
and fair-use doctrine, 4.75, 4.84, 4.92
importance of, 4.15, 4.75, 4.92
unnecessary, 13.5
See also illustration credits and credit lines; permissions; source citations; text citations
attributive adjectives, 5.79
attributive nouns, 5.24, 7.27
audiobooks, 1.75, 14.264. See also multimedia content; sound recordings
audio rights, 4.64
audiovisual materials. See movies and film; multimedia content; musical works; sound recordings; television and television programs
Australia, 1.34
author-and-title indexes, 16.6
author-date reference system
authors’ names: anonymous works, 15.34; authors with same last name, 15.22; basic form, 15.6, 15.12; editor in place of author, 15.9, 15.19, 15.36; examples and variations, 15.9; initials vs. full names, 15.12, 15.33, 15.53; more than three authors, 15.9, 15.29; multimedia content, 15.57; organizations as authors, 15.37; proper form of name to use, 15.12, 15.33; pseudonyms, 15.35; same author, same year, 15.20, 15.29; single vs. several, order for, 15.16; 3-em dashes for, 15.17–20
basic format: example, fig. 15.1; examples and variations, 15.9; page numbers and other locators, 15.8; reference list entry structure, 15.5, 15.6, 15.22; text citation structure, 15.5, 15.7, 15.22
blogs and blog posts, 15.51
cross-checking, 2.32, 15.21
cross-references, 15.42
disciplines using, 14.2
and indexing, 16.114, 16.115
interviews and personal communications, 15.53
in journals, 1.108
legal and public documents, 14.271, 15.58–59
multiauthor books, 15.10
multimedia content, 15.57
and notes and bibliography system, 14.2, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3
notes used with, 14.39, 14.50, 14.271, 15.11, 15.31, fig. 15.2
patents, 15.55
periodicals, 15.9, 15.46–49; initials for authors’ given names, 15.33; issue number in parentheses, 15.47; newspapers and magazines, 15.49; titles of, 15.13, 15.38, 15.46
publication date: basic structure and punctuation, 15.5, 15.6, 15.9, 15.25; blog posts, 15.51; editions with multiple, 15.40; forthcoming, 15.18, 15.45; letters in published collections, 15.43; manuscript collections, 15.54; multimedia content, 15.57; multivolume works published over several years, 15.41; newspapers and magazines, 15.49; “no date,” 15.44, 15.50; vs. notes and bibliography system, 15.2, 15.3; placement of, 15.14; references arranged by, 15.18, 15.19; reprint and modern editions, more than one date, 15.40; social media content, 15.52
secondary sources, quotations from, 15.56
social media content, 15.52
syntactic considerations with, 15.28
websites and web pages, 15.4, 15.50
See also reference lists; source citations; text citations; titles of works in source citations; and specific materials to document
author queries
and ambiguity in tracking changes, 2.84
bias-free language issues, 5.254
comment style for, 2.69
on cross-references, 2.60
example of, fig. 2.4
and fact-checking, 2.56
generally, 2.2
inserting in electronic files, 2.87
marking, 2.92
placement in margins of, 2.10, 2.43, 2.91, 2.92–93
on quotations and previously published material, 2.61
on running heads, 2.76
on silent changes, 2.85
on source citations, 2.62, 2.63, 2.64, 2.69
sticky notes for, 2.92
on subheads in table of contents, 2.57
on table totals, 3.81
authors
academic degrees and affiliations, 1.19, 1.50, 1.64, 1.66, 1.92, 1.95, 1.100
accuracy of, 2.7, 2.56, 13.6
alterations on proofs (AAs), 2.70, 2.135, 2.136, p. 975
approval before editing, 2.50
backup copies of manuscript as responsibility of, 2.4, 2.40, 2.71
biographical notes (see biographical notes)
books published by (see self-published materials)
collected works of single, 8.178
communications with manuscript editors, 2.68–72; checking author’s changes, 2.72; cover letter and instructions, 2.70, 2.88, 2.92; early contact, 2.68; editing sample, 2.52, 2.68; permissions double-checked, 4.79; sample of editing, 2.52, 2.68; sending edited manuscript, 2.71, 2.88 (see also author queries)
field notes of, 13.49
financial assistance for, 1.31
indexing, role in: list of terms for indexer, 16.30, 16.108; manuscript preparation, 16.24; vs. professional indexers, 16.3, 16.4; responsibility for, 2.2, 2.70; and software, 16.104
interaction with readers, 1.118
interviews by, 13.48 (see also interviews and discussions)
list of previous publications on copyright page, 1.18
multiple (see multiauthor volumes)
own work used by, 3.31, 4.66, 4.78
papers in collection of, 14.231
permissions as responsibility of (see permissions)
proofreading as responsibility of, 2.101
publication process and schedule for, 2.2, figs. 2.1–2
review of copyedited manuscript, 2.2, 2.70–72, 2.82, 2.88, 2.101
royalties, 4.37, 4.52, 4.58, 4.64, 4.69, 4.104
translations by, 11.14
warranties by, 4.52, 4.72, 4.73
websites of, 1.113, 1.121, 4.66, 4.67
See also author queries; authors’ names; contributors to multiauthor volumes and journals; copyright; manuscript preparation guidelines for authors; proofreading; publishing agreements
author’s alterations (AAs), 2.70, 2.135, 2.136, p. 975
authorship, in copyright. See copyright
authors’ names
in books: chapter display, 1.50, 2.32; copyright notice, 1.22, 4.42; covers and jackets, 1.69, 1.70; epigraphs, 1.37; forewords and introductions, 1.40, 14.105; multiauthor volumes, 1.38, 1.50, 1.64, 2.32, fig. 1.10; running heads, 1.83; table of contents, 1.38; title page, 1.19, 14.73, 14.82, 14.101, 15.12
as copyright management information, 4.15
in electronic file names, 2.37
given names, 10.11, 14.83, 15.33
hyperlinks from, 1.121
indexing: in separate index, 16.6, 16.115, 16.145; with titles of works, 16.50, 16.97
in journals and journal articles: first page of article, 1.95, 1.100; as metadata, 1.92, 1.100; retractions, 1.91; running heads, 1.83; source citations, 14.168, 14.185, 15.33; table of contents, 1.87, fig. 1.11
as metadata, 1.75
in production checklist, 2.77
proofreading of, 2.108, 2.134
screen names, 14.208, 14.209, 15.52
in source citations (see authors’ names in source citations)
in species names, 8.124
See also anonymous works; contributors to multiauthor volumes and journals; pseudonyms and pseudonymous works
authors’ names in source citations
author-date reference system: alphabetization, 15.11, 15.16, 15.18, 15.20; anonymous works, 15.34; authors with same last name, 15.22; basic form, 15.6, 15.7, 15.12; editor in place of author, 15.9, 15.19, 15.36; examples and variations, 15.9; and indexing, 16.114, 16.115; initials vs. full names, 15.12, 15.33, 15.53; more than three authors, 15.9, 15.29; organizations as authors, 15.37; proper form of name to use, 15.12, 15.33; pseudonyms, 15.35; same author, same year, 15.20, 15.29; single vs. several authors, order for, 15.16; 3-em dashes for, 15.17–20
legal-style citations, 14.272, 14.285, 14.305
notes and bibliography system, 14.72–84; alphabetization, 14.62, 14.65–66, 14.71, fig. 14.8; alternative forms of, 14.82; anonymous works, 14.79; authors known by given name, 14.83; basic note and bibliography entry structure, 14.20–21; chronological order for single author with multiple titles, 14.71; classical Greek and Latin works, 14.244, 14.245; different coauthors with, 14.66; editor in place of author, 14.103; editor vs. author, 14.104; examples and variations, 14.23; footnotes vs. endnotes, 14.48, 14.57; forewords, prefaces, and such, 14.110; form of, generally, 14.19, 14.23, 14.73, 14.101; initials vs. full names, 14.73–74; mononyms, 14.83; in multivolume works, 14.117, 14.122; organizations as authors, 14.70, 14.84; pseudonyms, 14.80–81; punctuation of, 6.20; repeated names, 1.124, 6.94, 14.65, 14.67–71, 14.79; short forms, 14.30–32, 14.108, 14.185; single author, 14.75; 3-em dashes in, 1.124, 2.14, 6.94, 14.65, 14.67–71, 14.79; in title of work, 14.78; two or more authors or editors, 14.23, 14.32, 14.76; two or more authors or editors with same family name, 14.77
automobiles, 8.117. See also vehicles and vessels
auxiliary (helping) verbs, 5.144–53
can, could, 5.146, 5.250
in contractions, 5.105
defined, 5.103, 5.144
do, 5.152, 5.215, 5.231
have, 5.132, 5.133, 5.153
with infinitives, 5.106
may, might, 5.147, 5.250
modal, generally, 5.145
must, 5.148
ought, should, 5.149, 5.150, 5.250
and parallel structure, 5.245
in verb phrases, 5.104
will, would, 5.131, 5.134, 5.151, 5.231
averages, in tables, 3.74
awards and prizes, 1.99, 8.31, 8.83, 8.115, 8.172
axes, x and y, 3.43, 3.52, fig. 3.8
Azeri language, 11.70