Index

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

N

References are to paragraph numbers except where specified as table or figure (fig.).

N, n, in tables, 3.56, 3.73, 3.76, 3.86, fig. 3.21
n., nn. (note, notes), 7.15, 13.117, 14.49, 14.56, 15.34–35
n/a (not applicable), 3.68, 6.116, 10.4
namely, 6.54, 6.62, 6.68, 6.94
names, personal. See personal names
narrators of audiobooks, 14.58
national identities, 7.10, 7.96 (sec. 2), 8.1, 8.39–40, 10.25. See also countries
National Information Standards Organization (NISO), 1.39. See also International Organization for Standardization
National Library of Australia, 1.38
nationality, terms for, 8.39–40. See also countries; groups of people
nations. See countries; governmental entities; nationality, terms for
Native Americans. See Indigenous languages; Indigenous peoples
NATO phonetic alphabet, 7.74
natural phenomena, named events, 8.78
Navajo language (Diné Bizaad), 11.51
navigation. See hyperlinks
n.b., NB (nota bene), 10.48
n.d. (no data), 3.68
n.d. (no date), 10.48, 13.114, 14.44, 14.104, 14.128, 14.157, 14.163
near, compound terms with, 7.96 (sec. 3)
negation, 5.237–45
any- and some- words with, 5.245
and auxiliary verbs, 5.152
but and except for, 5.244
and comparisons, 5.92
defined, 5.237
double negatives, 5.243
in idioms, 5.218
of interrogative and imperative statements, 5.157, 5.242
neither–nor for, 5.237, 5.241
no for, 5.239
not for, 5.238, 6.48
pronouns and adverbs for, 5.237, 5.240
in verb phrases, 5.108
negative questions, 5.108, 5.242
neither, 5.71, 5.254
neither . . . nor, 5.36, 5.148, 5.205, 5.237, 5.241, 5.251, 5.254
neo, as prefix, 7.96 (sec. 4)
neopronouns, 5.52
networks, broadcast, 8.191, 10.30. See also television
neutral citations, for Canadian and UK legal cases, 14.195, 14.200
New Testament, 8.107, 10.53. See also Bible
New Zealand, currency in, 9.23
news releases (press releases), 14.98
news services, 14.98
news sites. See newspapers and news sites
newspapers and news sites
and copyright issues, 4.8, 4.10
headlines in, 7.54, 14.89–90, 14.93
and serial rights, 4.112
source citations for, 14.89–98; basic information in, 14.64, 14.89; editorials, 14.93; headlines in, 14.89–90, 14.93; letters to the editor, 14.94; news services and news releases, 14.98; newspaper titles in, 14.91–92; readers’ comments, 14.94; regular columns, 14.93; in text vs. bibliographies, 14.96; time stamps in, 14.89; unsigned articles, 14.87, 14.97; weekend supplements, magazines, and such, 14.95
titles of: in building or award names, 8.174; city names in, 14.91–92, 15.56; indexing, 15.56; initial The in, 8.172, 14.91–92; italics for, 8.194, 13.88, 14.91; non-English, 11.30, 14.92; plurals of, 7.12
nicknames, 8.35–36, 8.49
9/11 (September 11, 2001), 9.37
NISO (National Information Standards Organization), 1.39, 1.101, 1.121. See also International Organization for Standardization
no, 5.36, 5.237, 5.239, 5.254, 6.37
no., nos.
for issue numbers, 14.25, 14.70
for musical works, 8.197–98
no data (n.d.), 3.68
no date (n.d.), 10.48, 13.114, 14.44, 14.104, 14.128, 14.157, 14.163
“no derivatives” clause, 4.74
no place, no publisher, no page (n.p.), 10.48
nobility, 8.33, 15.46. See also sovereigns and other rulers
nominalizations (zombie nouns), 5.195
nominative (subjective) case
absolute constructions in, 5.38
and gender, 5.46
misuse of, 5.40
nouns in, 5.11, 5.20
pronouns in, 5.44; intensive, 5.55; after linking verbs, 5.48; relative, 5.62, 5.65; as subjects of clauses, 5.47
non, as prefix, 7.96 (sec. 4)
nonbinary people, 5.46, 5.52, 5.264, 5.266
nonbreaking spaces, 6.127–29
in abbreviations, 10.63
with ellipses, 6.129, 12.59, 12.63, 12.67–68
with Jr., Sr., and such, 7.42
in non-English language materials, 11.31–32
in numbers, 6.129, 7.44, 9.57–58
in run-in lists, 7.46
between single and double quotation marks, 6.11
Unicode for, 6.129, 10.63
with units of measurement, 6.129, 7.44
noncomparable adjectives, 5.93
noncomparable adverbs, 5.171
noncount (mass) nouns, 5.6, 5.9, 5.16, 5.18
none, 5.71, 5.254
non-English materials
and capitalization: African languages, 11.25; Arabic, 8.15, 11.87; Azeri, 11.77; Chinese, 11.90, 11.97–98, 15.85; Danish, 11.77; Dutch, 8.11, 11.77; in English context, 11.3, 11.5; vs. English materials, 11.20; English translations, 11.11–12, 11.20, 13.101 (see also translations and translated works); French, 8.8, 11.28–30; German, 7.56, 8.9, 11.42; Hebrew, 11.102; Indigenous languages, 11.49–50; Indonesian, 15.88; Italian, 8.10, 11.53; Japanese, 11.97–98; Korean, 11.97–98; Latin, 11.61; Norwegian, 11.77; Polish, 11.77; Portuguese, 8.9, 11.77; Russian, 11.108–9; South Asian languages, 11.119; Spanish, 11.68; Swedish, 11.77; titles of (see titles of works: capitalization of non-English); Turkish, 11.77
in English context, 11.3–5, 11.21
and IPA notation, 11.24
overview of, 11.1
permissible changes to, 11.9, 11.17–18, 11.21, 11.29, 11.31, 12.7
and punctuation: apostrophes (see under apostrophes); brackets, 6.102, 6.105, 13.101; colons, 11.126; ellipses, 11.35, 11.56, 11.72, 11.111; em dashes (see under em dashes); exclamation points, 11.21, 11.69, 11.111; glossed ASL, 11.143; permissible changes to, 11.9, 11.13; question marks, 11.21, 11.69, 11.111, 11.126; quotation marks (see under quotation marks); semicolons, 11.9, 11.126; in translations, 6.102, 6.105–6, 11.14, 11.21. See also guillemets
quotations in English context, 11.13–19; French, 11.32–35; Greek, 11.126; punctuation of, 11.3, 11.21, 11.126; Russian, 11.110; typographic style of, 11.13. See also translations and translated works: and quotations
running heads for, 2.81
source citations for: bibliographic terms in, 14.4; English forms of cities (places of publication) in, 14.30, 14.35; journal articles, 14.69, 14.82; journal titles in, 13.100, 14.69; musical scores, 14.155; newspaper titles in, 14.92; publishers’ names in, 14.34–35; series titles in, 14.25; titles of works in (see titles of below)
special characters, 11.2, 11.23, 11.77, 11.79–80, tables 11.1–5
titles of, 11.8–12; articles in, 8.172, 13.100, 14.69; brackets for, 13.101; capitalization of (see titles of works: capitalization of non-English); dates in, 13.95; indexing, 15.56–57, 15.60–61; italic vs. roman type for, 11.10, 11.98, 11.109, 13.101; permissible changes to, 11.9; short forms for, 13.36; shortened in running heads, 2.81; subtitles, 13.91; translated, fig. 1.3, 11.11–12, 13.101
titles of, in specific languages: Chinese, 11.98; French, 11.30, 15.56, 15.60; Japanese, 11.98; Korean, 11.98; Latin, 11.61; Russian, 11.109; South Asian languages, 11.119
See also European style; non-English names; non-English words and phrases; special characters; translations and translated works; Unicode standard; and specific languages
non-English names
personal, 8.8–19; alphabetizing (see under alphabetization); Eastern vs. Western order for, 8.16–18, 13.75; indexing (see indexing: personal names, non-English); particles in, 8.5, 8.7–11
personal, by language: Arabic, 8.15, 15.83; Asian, other, 8.19, 15.95; Burmese, 15.84; Chinese, 8.16, 11.90–91, 11.92, 11.97, 15.85; Dutch, 8.11; French, 8.8; German, 8.9; Hungarian, 8.14, 15.86; Indian, 15.87; Indigenous languages, 8.5, 11.49, 14.137; Indonesian, 8.19, 15.88; Italian, 8.10; Japanese, 8.17, 11.97, 15.89; Korean, 8.18, 11.96–97, 15.90; Portuguese, 8.9, 15.91; Russian, 8.13, 11.107; Spanish, 8.12, 15.91–92; Thai, 15.93; Vietnamese, 15.94
place-names: alphabetizing, 15.98, 15.100; Chinese, 11.92, 11.97; in English context, 8.60, 14.30; French, 11.28–29; in Indigenous languages, 11.49; Japanese, 11.94, 11.97; Korean, 11.96–97; Russian, 11.107–8; Spanish, 11.85
proper, other: company names, 10.28, 14.34–35; in English context, 11.5; French, 8.8, 11.28–29, 15.101; geographic names, generic terms in, 8.56; German, 11.42–43; newspaper titles, 14.92; publishers’ names, 14.34–35; roman type for, 7.55; in titles of works, 11.98
non-English words and phrases
alphabetizing, 15.75, 15.100
bibliographic terms, 14.4
first use of, 7.55, 11.82
generic terms in geographic names, 8.56
glossaries for, 1.68
hyphenation of: Arabic, 11.86; Chinese, 11.91, 11.97; compound terms from, 7.96 (sec. 1); French, 11.28; glossed ASL, 11.138; Hebrew, 11.102; Japanese, 11.94, 11.97; Korean, 11.96
italics for, 7.55–56, 8.175, 11.3, 11.6, 11.82, 11.97–98, 11.103, 11.120, 14.173
language tags for, 11.7
in legal-style citations, 14.173
ligatures in, 7.34–35, 11.40
as mottoes, 7.65
in place-names, 8.56, 11.28, 15.98, 15.100
plurals of, 7.12, 11.3
roman type for, 7.55–57, 11.3–5
and spelling, 7.2
translations of, 6.102, 6.106, 11.5–6, 11.20–21
used as words, 7.66
and word division (see under word division)
nonprofit organizations, 4.112
non-US English
contractions in, 10.4
millions, billions, and trillions in, 9.9
money in, 9.22–25, 9.27
spelling in, 7.3, 8.69, 8.153, 10.4
non-US publishers, and copyright, 4.19, 4.21, 4.30–31, 4.41, 4.49
noon and midnight, 9.40
nor, 5.36–37, 5.143, 7.8
North, north, 8.47–48
Norwegian language, 11.77
not, 5.108, 5.161, 5.237, 5.238, 6.48
not . . . but, 6.49
not only . . . but also, 5.205, 5.251, 6.49
note numbers, 13.27–31
citations to, 14.56
format of, 13.27
in index entries, 15.34–35
for multiple citations and references, 13.31
placement of, 13.29–30
and punctuation, 13.29
reducing number of, 13.61
vs. reference numbers, 13.27
renumbering, 2.49, 2.68
sequencing of numbers and symbols, 13.28, 13.52, fig. 13.4
symbols instead of, 3.80, 13.27–28, 13.52, 13.54, fig. 13.4, 15.35
for table notes, 2.26, 2.36, 3.80
with titles and subheads, 13.30
unnumbered notes in relation to, 13.55
See also note reference numbers and symbols
note reference numbers and symbols, 13.18
avoiding in chapter display, 1.55, 2.26, 13.30
cross-checking, 2.37, 2.59, 2.68
for editors’ or translators’ notes, 13.54
format for, 13.27
multiple, 13.31
and note placement, 2.139
placement of, 12.7, 13.29
with subheads, 13.30
for table notes, 3.80
See also note numbers
notes, 13.27–64
abbreviations for (n., nn.), 7.15, 13.117, 14.49, 14.56, 15.34–35
abbreviations in, 10.3, 10.29, 10.31–32, 10.36, 10.48, 10.50
author-date reference system with, 13.42, 13.53, fig. 13.13, 14.128, 14.172
authors’ names in (see authors’ names)
basic structure of, 13.18, 13.20
biblical citations in, 10.50–53, 14.139
bibliographies in relation to, 13.65
for chapters of edited volumes, 1.62, 1.69, 13.46, 13.49, fig. 13.3
citations plus commentary in, 13.40
citations to, 13.117, 14.56
continued across pages, 13.44, fig. 13.1, 14.56, 15.36
converted in electronic file cleanup, 2.85
cross-checking, 2.37, 2.59, 2.68–69, 13.57, 13.115
cross-references among, 13.31
editing, 2.68–69
examples of, figs. 13.1–7
footnotes plus endnotes, 2.26, 13.52
footnotes vs. endnotes, 2.82, 2.85, 13.46–51, 13.63
format of, 1.69
for frequently cited works, 12.78, 13.63–64, fig. 13.7
glossary terms in, 1.68
hyperlinks to (see hyperlinks for source citations)
ibid. in, 13.37, 13.51
indexing, 14.56, 15.32–36, 15.116, 15.118
in journals, 1.105, 1.117, 13.46, 13.49
keyed to line or page numbers, 13.56–57, figs. 13.5–6
legal cases in, 8.83
legal-style citation form for, 14.172
length considerations for, 13.43, 13.60
manuscript preparation guidelines on, 2.26, 13.27, 13.44, 13.46, 13.56–57
multiple citations in single, 13.31, 13.38, 13.61
multiple paragraphs in, 13.43
multiple sets of, 13.52–54
numbering (see note numbers)
original, in edited or translated materials, 12.7, 13.54
overview of, 13.46
on pages with Roman numerals, 14.56
part titles for, 1.54
placement of in books, 1.4, 1.68–69, 13.49
in previously published materials, 2.49–50
proofreading, 2.139
publication facts in (see publication details)
within quotations, 12.7, 12.67
quotations within, 11.15, 13.41
reference numbers or symbols for (see note reference numbers and symbols)
remedies for excessive annotation: abbreviations, 13.63–64, fig. 13.7; several citations in single note, 13.61; shortening or integrating notes, 2.68, 13.60; text citations instead of notes, 13.37, 13.62
scholarly symbols in, 10.49
see and cf. in, 13.45
shortened citations in, 2.69, 13.18, 13.21, 13.32–39, 13.51
source notes (see source notes)
submission of, 2.4
substantive, 13.40–42, 13.52, 13.128, 15.32–33
to tables (see under tables)
titles of works in (see titles of works, in source citations)
“translation modified” in, 11.17
unnumbered: acknowledgments in, 13.59; biographical notes in, 1.56, 13.59; for compilations, 2.51; for entire chapters, 1.55–56, 13.30, 13.58; for epigraphs, 1.55, 13.55; keyed to text by line or page numbers, 13.56–57, figs. 13.5–6; numbered notes in relation to, 1.55, 13.52, 13.55, fig. 13.4; for tables, 3.78
See also endnotes; footnotes; note numbers; notes and bibliography system; source citations; source notes; and specific materials to document
notes and bibliography system, 13.18–26
and author-date reference system, 13.2, 13.102, 14.1
disciplines using, 13.2
elements to include in, 14.2
examples and variations of, 13.21–26
flexibility of, 13.2
notes, basic structure of, 13.18
overview of, 13.18
page numbers and other locators in, 13.20
relationship of bibliographies to notes in, 13.65
See also bibliographies; notes; shortened citations; source citations; titles of works, in source citations; and specific materials to document
noun phrases
as antecedents of relative pronouns, 5.63, 5.65
in ASL, 11.144
with expletives, 5.246
hyphenation of, 7.96 (sec. 2)
for index entries, 15.9
with possessives, 5.84, 7.24
See also nouns
nouns, 5.6–29
as adjectives, 5.27, 5.264, 7.27, 7.96 (sec. 2)
adjectives as (adnouns), 5.98
as adverbs (adverbial objectives), 5.29
adverbs formed from, 5.163
agreement of personal pronouns with, 5.45
attributive, 5.27, 7.27
and case (see case [grammar])
coinages, 5.98, 7.14
collective, 5.7, 5.9, 5.16–18, 5.35, 5.143
in compound terms, hyphenation of, 7.96
concrete, 5.6–7, 5.9
coordinate, 5.79
count, 5.6, 15.9
definitions of, 5.6; common (concrete, abstract, and collective), 5.6–7, 8.1; mass (noncount), 5.9; proper, 5.8
dependent clauses as, 5.226
em dashes between pronouns and introductory, 6.92
formed from verbs (nominalizations), 5.195
functional variations of, 5.27–29
in genitive case (see genitive case)
for index entries, 15.9
infinitives as, 5.111
as interjections, 5.215
irregular, 5.22, 7.5, 7.16, 7.27
in nominative case (see nominative [subjective] case)
in non-English languages: Danish, 11.77; German, 7.56, 11.42; Norwegian, 11.77
in objective case (see objective [accusative] case)
possessives, 7.16 (see also possessives)
predicate, 5.20, 5.146
prepositional phrases as, 5.182
prepositions with, 5.178
proper (see personal names; place-names; proper nouns)
properties of, 5.10–14; case, 5.11 (see also case [grammar]); gender, 5.13; number (see number [grammar]: of nouns and pronouns); person, 5.14, 5.33, 5.42–43
quoted titles or expressions as, 6.44
repeating, for gender neutrality, 5.265
table titles as, 3.55
titles of works as singular, 8.168
US as, 10.37
as verbs, 5.28, 5.254
See also appositives; noun phrases; place-names; plurals; pronouns
noun-to-verb transitions, 5.28, 5.254
now, 5.208
n.p. (no place, no publisher, no page), 10.48
n.s. (new series), 10.48, 14.28, 14.83
nth degree, 9.6. See also ordinal numbers
number (grammar)
of nouns and pronouns: and antecedents, 5.35–36, 5.45, 5.61, 5.65, 5.265; defined, 5.12, 5.44; indefinite pronouns, 5.71; with one in antecedent, 5.65; and verb number, 5.142–44
of verbs, 5.142–47, 5.185, 5.192, 5.211, 6.58
number of, 5.192
number sign (pound sign), 2.103, 2.130, 3.80, 11.141
numbering
appendixes, 1.66, 8.182
captions, 2.33, 3.13
chapters (see chapter numbers)
double or multiple, 1.63, 1.63n1, 2.33–34, 3.11, 3.51
illustrations (see illustrations: numbering)
impressions, 1.30, 1.31, figs. 1.1–2
manuscript pages in electronic files, 2.43
mathematical expressions, 1.63
musical works, 8.197–98
notes (see note numbers)
record groups, in government archives, 14.193
subhead considerations for, 1.63
table columns, 3.57
tables, 1.63, 2.34, 2.72, 3.51, 3.55, 15.39
See also issue numbers; numbers; page numbers (folios); pagination; tables
numbers
a or an with, 7.33
abbreviations and symbols with, 7.96 (sec. 1), 9.8, 9.18–19
abbreviations for (no., nos.), 8.197–98, 14.25, 14.70 (see also issue numbers)
in addresses and thoroughfares, 9.52–54, 9.56
in age terms, 7.96 (sec. 1)
alignment of, 3.73, 3.87, figs. 3.15–16, fig. 3.21, 6.143
alphabetic characters in (error), 2.85
alphabetizing in indexes, 15.73–74, 15.112
basic principles of, 9.2; alternative rule, 9.3, 9.6–7; consistency, flexibility, and readability, 9.1, 9.7, 9.14–15, 9.21; general rule, 9.2, 9.14, 9.22, 9.34, 9.49
in binary systems, 9.12, 10.62
building and apartment, 9.54
for celestial bodies, 8.140
for chemical elements, 10.69
Chicago’s preference for Arabic vs. Roman numerals, 9.69
commas between digits of, 3.73, 7.43, 9.56–58
in compound terms, 7.96 (sec. 4)
in dates, 9.31–38; centuries, 7.8, 8.72, 9.34–35; decades, 9.35; eras, 9.36, 9.66; ISO all-numeral style for, 6.115, 9.37–38; months and days, 9.33; numerals vs. spelled-out numbers, 9.8; periods of time, 8.72; years abbreviated, 9.32, 9.66; years alone, 9.31
decimal fractions, 9.21, 9.60, 10.67
dex with, 9.13
in enzyme names, 8.134
fractions, 6.117, 6.121, 7.96 (sec. 1), 8.162, 9.15–17
in gene and enzyme names, 8.133–34
Greek, 11.127, table 11.5
hundreds, thousands, and hundred thousands, 9.3–4, 9.56
and hyphenation: all-numeral dates, 6.115, 9.38; in double or multiple numbering, 1.63; fractions, 7.96 (sec. 1), 9.15; mass numbers, 8.151; nouns plus numerals or enumerators, 7.96 (sec. 2), 9.14; between numbers and abbreviations, 9.18; separators, 6.81; telephone numbers, 9.58
inclusive (see inclusive [continuing] numbers)
index entries beginning with, 15.73
in initialisms, 10.2
large, 5.254, 9.9–13, 9.26, 12.51
and line breaks, 7.42–44
lining, old-style, and tabular, 3.87
mass numbers, 8.151
mega-, giga-, tera-, and such, 7.96 (sec. 4), 9.11–12, 10.55, 10.61–62
millions, billions, and trillions, 5.254, 9.9, 9.26
for monetary amounts, 9.22–27
for multiple books within one volume, 14.23
numerals required, 9.8
ordinal (see ordinal numbers)
paragraph (see paragraph numbers, as locators)
for parts of books in text, 8.182, 9.8
percentages, 9.8, 9.20
for physical quantities, 9.14–19; with abbreviations and symbols, 9.18–19; dimensions, 3.27; in general contexts, 9.14; simple fractions, 9.15; whole numbers plus fractions, 9.16
plurals of, 7.15, 9.55
possessive forms of, 7.17
powers of ten, 9.10, 9.12–13
in proper nouns: and line breaks, 7.42; military units, 9.49; personal names, 6.46, 9.44, 10.9, 10.21, 15.45, 15.49, 15.74; places of worship, 9.50; political and judicial divisions, 9.48; sequels, 8.191, 9.45; sovereigns and other rulers, 9.43, 15.74; successive governments and dynasties, 9.47; unions and lodges, 9.51; vehicles and vessels, 8.117, 9.46
ranges of (see inclusive [continuing] numbers; page ranges)
ratios, 6.66, 9.60
resources on, 9.1
for roads and thoroughfares, 9.52–53
section (see section numbers, as locators)
sentences beginning with, 9.5, 9.31
for sequels, 8.191, 9.45
in source citations: Arabic vs. Roman numerals, 14.46; for classical Greek and Latin works, 14.143–45, 14.149; for parts of books, 14.46; for parts of poems and plays, 8.186, 14.154; for scriptural references, 14.141. See also page numbers, in source citations
for spacecraft, 9.46
spaces between digits of, 6.129, 9.57–58
spelling out: alternative rule for, 9.3, 9.6–7; beginning a sentence, 9.5; and consistency, readability, and flexibility, 9.7; for dates, 9.31, 9.33–37; in dialogue, 12.51; fractions, 7.96 (sec. 1), 8.162, 9.15, 9.16; general rule for, 9.2, 9.14, 9.22, 9.34, 9.49; hundreds, thousands, and hundred thousands, 9.4; and hyphenation, 7.96 (sec. 1), 9.14; inclusive ranges of, 9.62; marking manuscripts for, 2.98; marking proofs for, 2.134; for military units, 9.49; for monetary amounts, 9.22; ordinal, 7.96 (sec. 1), 9.6; for places of worship, 9.50; plurals of, 9.55; for political and judicial divisions, 9.48; for roads and thoroughfares, 9.53; round numbers, 9.4; for successive governments and dynasties, 9.47; for time designations, 7.96 (sec. 1), 9.39–40, 9.42; in title case, 8.162; in titles of works, 8.167; to with inclusive numbers, 9.62. See also for physical quantities above
telephone, 6.81, 9.58
in titles of works, 8.167, 13.90, 14.46
and Unicode standard, 11.2
with units of measurement, 7.44, 9.8, 9.18–19, 10.55
uses of, editorial: for column heads in tables, 3.87, fig. 3.25; for divisions in publications and documents, 9.28–30; for file names, 2.42; in lists, 2.14, 2.25, 6.140–42, 7.46; for notes applying to specific parts of tables, 3.80; in outlines, 6.143; for table columns, 3.57
See also Arabic numerals; chapter numbers; decimal points; International System of Units; issue numbers; line numbers; mathematical copy and expressions; metric system; money; note numbers; numbering; page numbers (folios); page ranges; Roman numerals; subscripts; superscripts; Unicode standard; volumes and volume numbers
numerals. See Arabic numerals; numbering; numbers; Roman numerals
numerical order, index subentries in, 15.77
nursery rhymes, 8.187