11: Languages Other than English
- Overview
- 11.1Scope and organization
- 11.2Unicode
- General Principles
- Words and Phrases from Other Languages
- 11.3Non-English words and phrases in an English context
- 11.4Italics in multilingual narratives and dialogue
- 11.5Non-English proper nouns in an English context
- 11.6Translations of terms from other languages
- 11.7Language tags
- Titles of Works from Other Languages
- 11.8Capitalization of titles from other languages
- 11.9Punctuation of titles from other languages
- 11.10Italic versus roman type for titles from other languages
- 11.11Non-English titles with English translation
- 11.12Original-language title of work versus translation
- Quotations from Other Languages
- 11.13Typographic style of quotations from other languages
- 11.14Translations relative to quotations
- 11.15Source of quotation plus translation
- 11.16Crediting the translation of a quoted passage
- 11.17Adjusting translated quotations
- 11.18Editing translated quotations
- 11.19Avoiding retranslation
- Languages Using the Latin Alphabet
- 11.20Capitalization—English versus other languages
- 11.21Punctuation—original-language versus English context
- 11.22Word division for languages other than English
- 11.23Special characters in the Latin alphabet
- 11.24International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
- African Languages
- 11.25African capitalization and punctuation
- 11.26African special characters
- French
- 11.27French—additional resources
- 11.28French capitalization
- 11.29French capitalization in an English context
- 11.30Titles of French works
- 11.31Spacing with French punctuation
- 11.32French use of guillemets
- 11.33Quotation marks in French
- 11.34French dialogue
- 11.35French ellipses
- 11.36French word division—vowels
- 11.37French word division—consonants
- 11.38French words containing apostrophes
- 11.39French words best left undivided
- 11.40French accents and ligatures
- German
- 11.41The new German orthography
- 11.42German capitalization
- 11.43German apostrophes
- 11.44German quotation marks
- 11.45German word division—vowels
- 11.46German word division—consonants
- 11.47German word division—compounds
- 11.48German special characters
- Indigenous Languages
- 11.49Additional resources for Indigenous languages
- 11.50Indigenous writing systems
- 11.51Navajo (Diné Bizaad)
- 11.52Indigenous language authorities
- Italian
- 11.53Italian capitalization
- 11.54Italian quotations and dialogue
- 11.55Italian apostrophes
- 11.56Italian ellipses
- 11.57Italian word division—vowels
- 11.58Italian word division—consonants
- 11.59Italian word division—words containing apostrophes
- 11.60Italian special characters
- Latin
- 11.61Latin capitalization—titles of works
- 11.62Latin word division—syllables
- 11.63Latin word division—single consonants
- 11.64Latin word division—multiple consonants
- 11.65Latin word division—compounds
- 11.66Latin special characters
- Spanish
- 11.67Spanish—additional resources
- 11.68Spanish capitalization
- 11.69Spanish question marks and exclamation points
- 11.70Spanish guillemets and quotation marks
- 11.71Spanish dialogue
- 11.72Spanish ellipses
- 11.73Spanish word division—vowels
- 11.74Spanish word division—consonants
- 11.75Dividing Spanish compounds
- 11.76Spanish special characters
- Other Languages Using the Latin Alphabet
- 11.77Special considerations for other languages using the Latin alphabet
- Languages Usually Transliterated (or Romanized)
- 11.78Transliteration
- 11.79Character sets for non-Latin alphabets
- 11.80Proofreading copy in non-Latin alphabets—a warning
- 11.81Diacritics—specialized versus general contexts
- 11.82Italics versus roman for transliterated terms
- Arabic
- 11.83Arabic transliteration
- 11.84The hamza and the ʿayn
- 11.85Arabic spelling
- 11.86The Arabic definite article
- 11.87Arabic capitalization
- 11.88Arabic word division
- Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
- 11.89Chinese romanization
- 11.90Exceptions to Pinyin
- 11.91Apostrophes, hyphens, and tone marks in Chinese romanization
- 11.92Some common Chinese names
- 11.93Japanese romanization
- 11.94Modified Hepburn system
- 11.95Korean romanization
- 11.96Revised Romanization of Korean versus McCune–Reischauer
- 11.97Chinese, Japanese, and Korean—capitalization and italics
- 11.98Titles of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean works
- 11.99Inclusion of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters
- Hebrew
- 11.100Hebrew transliteration systems
- 11.101Diacritics in transliterated Hebrew
- 11.102Hebrew prefixes
- 11.103Hebrew capitalization and italics
- 11.104Hebrew word division
- 11.105Unromanized Hebrew phrases
- 11.106A note on Hebrew vowels
- Russian
- 11.107Russian transliteration
- 11.108Russian capitalization
- 11.109Titles of Russian works
- 11.110Russian quotations and dialogue
- 11.111Russian ellipses
- 11.112Russian uses of the dash
- 11.113Russian word division—general
- 11.114Combinations not to be divided in Cyrillic transliteration
- 11.115Division between Russian consonants
- 11.116Division of Russian words after prefixes or between parts
- 11.117Division of Russian words after vowel or diphthong
- South Asian Languages
- 11.118South Asian special characters
- 11.119South Asian capitalization
- Classical Greek
- 11.120Transliterating Greek
- 11.121Typesetting Greek
- Breathings and Accents
- 11.122Greek breathing marks
- 11.123Greek accent marks
- 11.124Unaccented Greek words
- 11.125Greek vowels
- Punctuation and Numbers
- 11.126Greek punctuation
- 11.127Greek numbers
- Word Division
- 11.128Greek word division—consecutive vowels
- 11.129Greek word division—single consonants
- 11.130Greek word division—two or more consonants
- 11.131Greek word division—compounds
- Old English and Middle English
- 11.132Special characters in Old and Middle English
- 11.133Ampersand and wynn
- 11.134Old English vowels
- American Sign Language (ASL)
- 11.135Signed languages
- 11.136Components of signs
- 11.137Writing ASL
- 11.138Glosses in ASL
- 11.139Compound signs
- 11.140Fingerspelling
- 11.141Lexicalized signs
- 11.142Handshapes
- 11.143Transcriptions of signed sentences
- 11.144Pronouns, possessives, and reference
- 11.145Nonmanual signals