Q. Are there instances where it is permissible to place a note directly after a particular word in a sentence that you would like to add an explanatory note to, as to avoid confusion if I were to place it at the end of the sentence?
A. Unless you are working for an instructor or publisher who forbids it, a note number may appear anywhere in a sentence. And though it’s usually best for readers not to be interrupted midsentence* by a note number or symbol, the exception you describe seems warranted.
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* The word midsentence—though it’s not listed in Merriam-Webster (as of August 8, 2023)—follows Chicago style for words formed with prefixes (see CMOS 7.89, sec. 4, under “mid”).