13: Source Citations: Overview
- Introduction to Source Citations
- 13.1The purpose of source citations
- 13.2Chicago-style source citations
- 13.3Other systems of source citation
- 13.4Flexibility and consistency
- 13.5Mentioning versus citing
- URLs and Other Identifiers
- 13.6Uniform resource locators (URLs)
- 13.7Digital object identifiers (DOIs)
- 13.8Permalinks and the like
- 13.9Editing long URLs
- 13.10Library and other bibliographic databases
- 13.11Link-shortening services
- 13.12URLs in relation to surrounding text
- Keeping Track of Your Research
- 13.13Citation management tools
- 13.14Citing the right version
- 13.15Access dates
- 13.16“Last modified” and other revision dates
- 13.17Preserving a permanent record
- Notes and Bibliography: Basic Format
- 13.18Notes and bibliography—an overview
- 13.19Abbreviations in notes versus bibliographies
- 13.20Page numbers and other locators
- Notes and Bibliography: Examples and Variations
- 13.21Notes and bibliography—introduction to examples and variations
- 13.22Book with single author or editor
- 13.23Book with multiple authors or editors
- 13.24Book with author plus editor or translator
- 13.25Chapter in an edited book
- 13.26Journal article
- Notes
- Note Numbers
- 13.27Numbers in text versus numbers in notes
- 13.28Sequencing of note numbers and symbols
- 13.29Placement of note number
- 13.30Note numbers with chapter and article titles and subheads
- 13.31Multiple citations and multiple note references
- Shortened Citations
- 13.32When to use shortened citations
- 13.33Basic structure of the short form
- 13.34Cross-reference to full citation
- 13.35Short form for authors’ names
- 13.36Short form for titles of works
- 13.37Shortened citations versus “ibid.”
- 13.38“Idem”
- 13.39“Op. cit.” and “loc. cit.”
- Commentary and Quotations in Notes
- 13.40Citations plus commentary in a note
- 13.41Quotation within a note
- 13.42Substantive notes
- 13.43Paragraphing within long notes
- 13.44Footnotes that break across pages in a printed work
- 13.45“See” and “cf.”
- Footnotes Versus Endnotes
- 13.46Footnotes and endnotes—an overview
- 13.47Footnotes—pros and cons
- 13.48Endnotes—pros and cons
- 13.49Endnote placement
- 13.50Running heads for endnotes
- 13.51Special considerations for endnotes
- Two Sets of Notes
- 13.52Endnotes plus footnotes
- 13.53Footnotes plus author-date citations
- 13.54Editor’s or translator’s notes plus author’s notes
- Special Types of Notes
- 13.55Unnumbered notes
- 13.56Notes keyed to line numbers
- 13.57Notes keyed to page numbers
- 13.58Source notes for previously published material
- 13.59Biographical notes and acknowledgments
- Remedies for Excessive Annotation
- 13.60Avoiding overlong notes
- 13.61Several citations in one note
- 13.62Citing sources in the text rather than in the notes
- 13.63Abbreviations for frequently cited works
- 13.64List of abbreviations
- Bibliographies
- Overview
- 13.65Relationship of bibliographies to notes
- 13.66Format and placement of bibliography
- 13.67Dividing a bibliography into sections
- 13.68Kinds of bibliographies
- Arrangement of Entries
- 13.69Alphabetical order for bibliography entries
- 13.70Alphabetical order for titles by the same author
- 13.71Arrangement of bibliography entries with more than one author
- The 3-Em Dash for Repeated Names in a Bibliography
- 13.72The 3-em dash—reasons to avoid
- 13.73Using the 3-em dash for repeated names in a bibliography
- Author’s Name
- 13.74Author’s name—overview and related discussions
- 13.75Form of author’s name
- 13.76Authors preferring initials
- 13.77One author
- 13.78Two or more authors (or editors)
- 13.79Two or more authors (or editors) with same family name
- 13.80Author’s name in title
- 13.81No listed author (anonymous works)
- 13.82Pseudonyms
- 13.83Cross-references for pseudonyms
- 13.84Alternative real names
- 13.85Authors known by a given name
- 13.86Organization as author
- Title of Work
- 13.87Additional discussion of titles
- 13.88Italics versus quotation marks for titles of cited works
- 13.89Capitalization of titles of cited works
- 13.90Some permissible changes to titles of cited works
- 13.91Subtitles in cited works and the use of the colon
- 13.92Two subtitles in a cited work
- 13.93Use of “or” with double titles
- 13.94“And other stories” and such
- 13.95Dates in titles of cited works
- 13.96Quoted titles and other terms within cited titles of works
- 13.97Italicized titles and other terms within cited titles of works
- 13.98Question marks or exclamation points in titles of cited works
- 13.99Older titles and very long titles
- 13.100Non-English titles of cited works
- 13.101Translated titles of cited works
- Author-Date: Basic Format
- 13.102The author-date system—overview
- 13.103Abbreviations in author-date citations
- 13.104Page numbers in author-date citations
- Author-Date: Examples and Variations
- 13.105Author-date references—introduction to examples and variations
- 13.106Author-date—book with single author or editor
- 13.107Author-date—book with multiple authors
- 13.108Author-date—book with author plus editor or translator
- 13.109Author-date—chapter in an edited book
- 13.110Author-date—journal article
- Author-Date Reference Lists
- 13.111Function and placement of author-date reference lists
- 13.112Alphabetical arrangement of reference list entries
- 13.113The 3-em dash for repeated names in a reference list
- 13.114Reference list entries with same author(s), same year
- Author-Date Text Citations
- 13.115Agreement of author-date text citations and reference list entries
- 13.116Author-date text citations—basic form
- 13.117Page numbers and other locators in author-date text citations
- 13.118Additional material in author-date text citations
- 13.119Author-date citations in relation to surrounding text
- 13.120Author-date text citations in relation to direct quotations
- 13.121Consecutive author-date citations to the same source
- 13.122Syntactic considerations with author-date text citations
- 13.123Author-date text citations of works with more than two authors
- 13.124Multiple author-date text references
- 13.125Author-date text citations with title rather than author
- 13.126Author-date text citations with pseudonyms
- 13.127Author-date text citations with organization as author
- 13.128Author-date system with notes