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11: Languages Other than English

Overview
11.1Scope and organization
11.2Unicode
General Principles
Words and Phrases from Other Languages
11.3Non-English words and phrases in an English context
11.4Non-English proper nouns in an English context
11.5Translations of terms from other languages
Titles of Works from Other Languages
11.6Capitalization of titles from other languages
11.7Punctuation of titles from other languages
11.8Italic versus roman type for titles from other languages
11.9Non-English titles with English translation
11.10Original-language title of work versus translation
Quotations from Other Languages
11.11Typographic style of quotations from other languages
11.12Translations relative to quotations
11.13Source of quotation plus translation
11.14Crediting the translation of a quoted passage
11.15Adjusting translated quotations
11.16Editing translated quotations
11.17The sin of retranslation
Languages Using the Latin Alphabet
11.18Capitalization—English versus other languages
11.19Punctuation—original language versus English context
11.20Word division for languages other than English
11.21Special characters in the Latin alphabet
11.22International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
African Languages
11.23African capitalization and punctuation
11.24African special characters
French
11.25French—additional resources
11.26French capitalization
11.27Titles of French works
11.28Spacing with French punctuation
11.29French use of guillemets
11.30Quotation marks in French
11.31French dialogue
11.32French ellipses
11.33French word division—vowels
11.34French word division—consonants
11.35French words containing apostrophes
11.36French words best left undivided
11.37French accents and ligatures
German
11.38The new German orthography
11.39German capitalization
11.40German apostrophes
11.41German quotation marks
11.42German word division—vowels
11.43German word division—consonants
11.44German word division—compounds
11.45German special characters
Italian
11.46Italian capitalization
11.47Italian quotations and dialogue
11.48Italian apostrophes
11.49Italian ellipses
11.50Italian word division—vowels
11.51Italian word division—consonants
11.52Italian word division—words containing apostrophes
11.53Italian special characters
Latin
11.54Latin capitalization—titles of works
11.55Latin word division—syllables
11.56Latin word division—single consonants
11.57Latin word division—multiple consonants
11.58Latin word division—compounds
11.59Latin special characters
Spanish
11.60Spanish—additional resources
11.61Spanish capitalization
11.62Spanish question marks and exclamation points
11.63Spanish guillemets and quotation marks
11.64Spanish dialogue
11.65Spanish ellipses
11.66Spanish word division—vowels
11.67Spanish word division—consonants
11.68Dividing Spanish compounds
11.69Spanish special characters
Other Languages Using the Latin Alphabet
11.70Special considerations for other languages using the Latin alphabet
Languages Usually Transliterated (or Romanized)
11.71Transliteration
11.72Character sets for non-Latin alphabets
11.73Proofreading copy in non-Latin alphabets—a warning
11.74Diacritics—specialized versus general contexts
11.75Italics versus roman for transliterated terms
Arabic
11.76Arabic transliteration
11.77The hamza and the ʿayn
11.78Arabic spelling
11.79The Arabic definite article
11.80Arabic capitalization
11.81Arabic word division
Chinese and Japanese
11.82Chinese romanization
11.83Exceptions to Pinyin
11.84Apostrophes, hyphens, and tone marks in Chinese romanization
11.85Some common Chinese names
11.86Japanese romanization
11.87Modified Hepburn system
11.88Chinese and Japanese—capitalization and italics
11.89Titles of Japanese and Chinese works
11.90Inclusion of Chinese and Japanese characters
Hebrew
11.91Hebrew transliteration systems
11.92Diacritics in transliterated Hebrew
11.93Hebrew prefixes
11.94Hebrew capitalization and italics
11.95Hebrew word division
11.96Unromanized Hebrew phrases
11.97A note on Hebrew vowels
Russian
11.98Russian transliteration
11.99Russian capitalization
11.100Titles of Russian works
11.101Russian quotations and dialogue
11.102Russian ellipses
11.103Russian uses of the dash
11.104Russian word division—general
11.105Combinations not to be divided in Cyrillic transliteration
11.106Division between Russian consonants
11.107Division of Russian words after prefixes or between parts
11.108Division of Russian words after vowel or diphthong
South Asian Languages
11.109South Asian special characters
Classical Greek
11.110Transliterating Greek
11.111Typesetting Greek
Breathings and Accents
11.112Greek breathing marks
11.113Greek accent marks
11.114Unaccented Greek words
11.115Greek vowels
Punctuation and Numbers
11.116Greek punctuation
11.117Greek numbers
Word Division
11.118Greek word division—consecutive vowels
11.119Greek word division—single consonants
11.120Greek word division—two or more consonants
11.121Greek word division—compounds
Old English and Middle English
11.122Special characters in Old and Middle English
11.123Ampersand and wynn
11.124Old English vowels
American Sign Language (ASL)
11.125Signed languages
11.126Components of signs
11.127Writing ASL
11.128Glosses in ASL
11.129Compound signs
11.130Fingerspelling
11.131Lexicalized signs
11.132Handshapes
11.133Transcriptions of signed sentences
11.134Pronouns, possessives, and reference
11.135Nonmanual signals

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