14: Documentation I: Notes and Bibliography
- Source Citations: An Overview
- 14.1The purpose of source citations
- 14.2Chicago’s two systems of source citation
- 14.3Other systems of source citation
- Considerations for Electronic Sources
- 14.4Electronic resource identifiers
- 14.5Uniform resource locators (URLs)
- 14.6Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs)
- 14.7Access dates
- 14.8“Last modified” and other revision dates
- 14.9Authority and permanence
- 14.10Publications available in more than one medium
- 14.11URLs and other such elements in relation to surrounding text
- 14.12URLs or DOIs and line breaks
- 14.13Source citation software
- Notes and Bibliography: Basic Format, with Examples and Variations
- 14.14Notes and bibliography—an overview
- 14.15Basic structure of a note
- 14.16Basic structure of a bibliography entry
- 14.17Page numbers and other locators
- 14.18Notes and bibliography—examples and variations
- Notes
- Note Numbers
- 14.19Numbers in text versus numbers in notes
- 14.20Sequencing of note numbers and symbols
- 14.21Placement of note number
- 14.22Note numbers with chapter and article titles and subheads
- 14.23Multiple citations and multiple references
- Shortened Citations
- 14.24Purpose of shortened citations
- 14.25Basic structure of the short form
- 14.26Cross-reference to full citation
- 14.27Short form for authors’ names
- 14.28Short form for titles
- 14.29“Ibid.”
- 14.30“Idem”
- 14.31“Op. cit.” and “loc. cit.”
- Commentary and Quotations in Notes
- 14.32Citations plus commentary
- 14.33Quotation within a note
- 14.34Substantive notes
- 14.35Paragraphing within long notes
- 14.36Footnotes that break across pages in a printed work
- 14.37“See” and “cf.”
- Footnotes versus Endnotes
- 14.38Footnotes and endnotes—an overview
- 14.39Footnotes—pros and cons
- 14.40Endnotes—pros and cons
- 14.41Endnote placement
- 14.42Running heads for endnotes
- 14.43Special needs of endnotes
- Two Sets of Notes
- 14.44Endnotes plus footnotes
- 14.45Footnotes plus author-date citations
- 14.46Editor’s or translator’s notes plus author’s notes
- Unnumbered Notes
- 14.47Unnumbered notes in relation to numbered notes
- 14.48Notes keyed to text by line or page numbers
- 14.49Unnumbered source notes
- 14.50Unnumbered biographical notes and acknowledgments
- Remedies for Excessive Annotation
- Bibliographies
- Overview
- 14.56Relationship of bibliographies to notes
- 14.57Format and placement of bibliography
- 14.58Dividing a bibliography into sections
- 14.59Kinds of bibliographies
- Arrangement of Entries
- 14.60Alphabetical order for bibliography entries
- 14.61Single author versus several authors
- 14.62Author with different coauthors
- The 3-Em Dash for Repeated Names in a Bibliography
- Books
- 14.68Books as a model for other sources
- 14.69Elements to include when citing a book
- 14.70Flexibility and consistency
- 14.71Foreign bibliographic terms and abbreviations
- Author’s Name
- 14.72Form of author’s name
- 14.73Authors preferring initials
- 14.74Monarchs, saints, and the like
- 14.75One author
- 14.76Two or more authors (or editors)
- 14.77Two or more authors (or editors) with same family name
- 14.78Author’s name in title
- 14.79Anonymous works—unknown authorship
- 14.80Anonymous works—known authorship
- 14.81Pseudonyms—unknown authorship
- 14.82Pseudonyms—known authorship
- 14.83Pseudonyms rarely used
- 14.84Cross-references for pseudonyms
- 14.85Descriptive phrase as “author”
- 14.86Alternative real names
- 14.87Editor in place of author
- 14.88Editor or translator in addition to author
- 14.89“With the assistance of” and the like
- 14.90Editor versus author
- 14.91Authors of forewords and the like
- 14.92Organization as author
- Title
- 14.93Additional discussion of titles
- 14.94Italics for book titles
- 14.95Capitalization of book titles
- 14.96Some permissible changes to titles
- 14.97Subtitles—the colon
- 14.98Two subtitles
- 14.99Use of “or” with double titles
- 14.100“And other stories” and such
- 14.101Dates in titles
- 14.102Titles within titles
- 14.103Italicized terms within titles
- 14.104Quotation marks in titles
- 14.105Question marks or exclamation points in book titles
- 14.106Older titles and very long titles
- 14.107Non-English titles
- 14.108Translated title supplied by author or editor
- 14.109Original plus published translation
- 14.110Unpublished translation of title standing in for original
- Chapters or Other Parts of a Book
- 14.111Chapter in a single-author book
- 14.112Contribution to a multiauthor book
- 14.113Several contributions to the same book
- 14.114Book-length work within a book
- 14.115Chapter originally published elsewhere
- 14.116Introductions, prefaces, afterwords, and the like
- 14.117Letters in published collections
- Edition
- 14.118Editions other than the first
- 14.119Reprint editions and modern editions
- 14.120Microform editions
- Multivolume Works
- 14.121Volume numbers and page numbers
- 14.122Citing a multivolume work as a whole
- 14.123Citing a particular volume in a note
- 14.124Citing a particular volume in a bibliography
- 14.125Chapters and other parts of individual volumes
- 14.126One volume in two or more books
- 14.127Authors and editors of multivolume works
- Series
- 14.128Series titles, numbers, and editors
- 14.129Series editor
- 14.130Series or multivolume work?
- 14.131Multivolume work within a series
- 14.132“Old series” and “new series”
- Facts of Publication
- Place of Publication
- 14.134Place and date only, for books published before 1900
- 14.135Place—city
- 14.136When to specify state, province, or country
- 14.137Foreign city names
- 14.138“No place”
- Publisher’s Name
- 14.139Preferred form of publisher’s name
- 14.140Abbreviations and omissible parts of a publisher’s name
- 14.141“And” or ampersand in publisher’s name
- 14.142Foreign publishers’ names
- 14.143Publisher unknown or work privately published
- 14.144Parent companies, imprints, and such
- 14.145Joint imprint
- 14.146Special academic imprint
- 14.147Copublication
- 14.148Distributed books
- Date of Publication
- Page, Volume, and Other Locating Information
- 14.154Arabic versus roman numerals
- 14.155Ranges, or inclusive numbers
- 14.156Using or avoiding “ff.” and “passim”
- 14.157Abbreviations for “page,” “volume,” and so on
- 14.158When to omit “p.” and “pp.”
- 14.159When to omit “vol.”
- 14.160Page and chapter numbers
- 14.161Signed signatures
- 14.162Folio editions
- 14.163Line numbers
- 14.164Citing numbered notes
- 14.165Citing illustrations and tables
- Electronic Books
- Periodicals
- 14.170“Periodicals” defined
- 14.171Information to be included
- 14.172Journals versus magazines
- 14.173Punctuation in periodical citations
- 14.174Page numbers in periodical citations
- Journals
- 14.175Journal article—author’s name
- 14.176Journal article—title
- 14.177Italics and quotation marks within article titles
- 14.178Question marks or exclamation points in article titles
- 14.179Title of journal
- 14.180Journal volume, issue, and date
- 14.181No volume number or date only
- 14.182Forthcoming articles
- 14.183Journal page references
- 14.184Electronic journal articles—URL or DOI
- 14.185Electronic journal articles—access dates
- 14.186Article page numbers in relation to volume or issue numbers
- 14.187Special issues
- 14.188Supplements
- 14.189Articles published in installments
- 14.190Article appearing in two publications
- 14.191Place where journal is published
- 14.192Translated or edited article
- 14.193Foreign-language article and journal titles
- 14.194Translated article titles
- 14.195New series for journal volumes
- 14.196Short titles for articles
- 14.197Abstract
- 14.198Electronic enhancements to journal articles
- Magazines
- 14.199Citing magazines by date
- 14.200Online magazine articles
- 14.201Magazine article titles
- 14.202Magazine departments
- Newspapers
- 14.203Newspaper citations—basic elements
- 14.204Newspaper headlines
- 14.205Regular columns
- 14.206Citing in text rather than in a bibliography
- 14.207Unsigned newspaper articles
- 14.208Letters to the editor
- 14.209Weekend supplements, magazines, and the like
- 14.210Names of newspapers
- 14.211Names of foreign newspapers
- 14.212News services
- 14.213News releases
- Reviews
- Interviews and Personal Communications
- 14.218Interviews and personal communications—order of attribution
- 14.219Unpublished interviews
- 14.220Unattributed interviews
- 14.221Published or broadcast interviews
- 14.222Personal communications
- 14.223Electronic mailing lists
- Unpublished and Informally Published Material
- Theses, Dissertations, Papers, and the Like
- 14.224Theses and dissertations
- 14.225Unpublished manuscripts
- 14.226Lectures, papers presented at meetings, and the like
- 14.227Poster papers
- 14.228Working papers and other unpublished works
- 14.229Preprints
- 14.230Patents
- 14.231Private contracts, wills, and such
- Manuscript Collections
- 14.232Overview and additional resources
- 14.233Note forms versus bibliography entries
- 14.234Specific versus generic titles for manuscript collections
- 14.235Dates for manuscript collections
- 14.236Folios, page numbers, and such for manuscript collections
- 14.237“Papers” and “manuscripts”
- 14.238Location of depositories
- 14.239Collections of letters and the like
- 14.240Examples of note forms for manuscript collections
- 14.241Examples of bibliography entries for manuscript collections
- 14.242Letters and the like in private collections
- Websites and Blogs
- Special Types of References
- Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
- Pamphlets and the Like
- Scriptural References
- 14.252Biblical references—additional resource
- 14.253Bible chapter and verse
- 14.254Versions of the Bible
- 14.255Other sacred works
- Classical Greek and Latin References
- 14.256Where to cite classical references
- 14.257Identifying numbers in classical references
- 14.258Abbreviations in classical references
- 14.259Punctuation in classical references
- 14.260Citing specific editions of classical references
- 14.261Titles of classical works and collections
- 14.262Superscripts in classical references
- 14.263Collections of inscriptions
- 14.264Fragments of classical texts
- 14.265Modern editions of the classics
- 14.266Medieval references
- Classic English Poems and Plays
- 14.267Citing editions of classic English poems and plays
- 14.268Short forms for citing classic English poems and plays
- Musical Scores
- Databases
- Citations Taken from Secondary Sources
- Audiovisual Materials
- Sound Recordings
- Video Recordings
- Legal and Public Documents
- 14.281Recommended stylebooks
- 14.282Legal and public documents online
- 14.283Note form for legal-style citations
- 14.284Typefaces in legal-style citations
- 14.285Page numbers and other locators in legal-style citations
- 14.286Abbreviations in legal-style citations
- 14.287Short forms for legal-style citations
- Cases and Court Decisions
- 14.288Cases or court decisions—basic elements
- 14.289United States Supreme Court decisions
- 14.290Lower federal-court decisions
- 14.291State- and local-court decisions
- Constitutions
- Legislative and Executive Documents
- 14.293Legislative documents—abbreviations
- 14.294Laws and statutes
- 14.295Bills and resolutions
- 14.296Hearings
- 14.297Congressional reports and documents
- 14.298Congressional debates since 1873
- 14.299Records of congressional debates before 1873
- 14.300State laws and municipal ordinances
- 14.301Presidential documents
- 14.302Treaties
- 14.303Secondary sources and freestanding publications
- 14.304Unpublished government documents
- Canada
- 14.305Canadian reference works
- 14.306Canadian legal cases
- 14.307Canadian statutes
- 14.308Unpublished Canadian government documents
- United Kingdom
- 14.309UK reference works
- 14.310UK legal cases
- 14.311UK parliamentary publications
- 14.312UK statutes
- 14.313Publication of UK parliamentary debates
- 14.314UK command papers
- 14.315Unpublished UK government documents
- International Entities