Index
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
C
References are to paragraph numbers except where specified as table, figure (fig.), or page number (p.). Page numbers in the online edition link directly to terms in the glossary (appendix B).
- ca. (“circa”), 7.53, 10.43
- calendar designations. See dates
- call letters, 10.25
- callouts (illustrations and tables)
- in electronic file cleanup, 2.77
- placement, 3.8
- calls for papers, 1.85, 1.93
- can, could, and may, 5.143, 5.220
- Canada
- courts, 14.306
- currency, 9.22
- First Peoples, 8.37
- Canadian Supreme Court, 14.306
- capitalization
- of acronyms and initialisms, 10.6
- of brand names, 8.152
- of computer terms, 7.73–76
- consistency in text and illustrations, 2.63
- in documentation, 8.166, 14.18, 14.95; author-date references, 15.6–9, 15.45, fig. 15.1; book titles and subtitles, 8.157, 8.162, 14.95, 14.97–98; classical references, 14.261; foreign-language article and journal titles, 14.193; journal article titles, 14.176; journal titles, 14.179; magazine article titles, 14.201; magazine departments, 14.202; newspaper headlines, 14.204; newspaper names, 14.211; news services, 14.212; and other stories and such, 14.100; specific vs. generic titles for manuscript collections, 14.234; website and blog titles, 14.244 (see also under titles of works in documentation)
- editor’s note on, 1.44
- ellipsis points and, 13.51
- for emphasizing words, 7.48
- foreign languages, 11.5–9, 14.193; Arabic, 11.100; Azeri, 11.89; Chinese, 11.108; Danish, 11.22; Dutch, 11.24; French, 11.29–30; German, 7.52, 11.41–42; Hebrew, 11.114; Italian, 11.51; Japanese, 11.108; Latin, 11.59; Norwegian, 11.65; Polish, 11.67; Portuguese, 11.70; Russian, 11.119; Spanish, 11.77; Swedish, 11.86; Turkish, 11.89
- of geographical terms: compass points and terms, 8.45–46; continents, countries, cities, oceans, and such, 5.67, 8.44, 8.52; popular names and epithets for, 8.47; real vs. metaphorical names, 8.49; regions, 8.46, 8.53; urban areas, 8.48
- in glossaries, 2.21
- in illustration labels and keys, 3.20
- of interjections and exclamations, 7.45
- marking manuscript for, 2.94
- marking proofs for, 2.128
- of names, 8.1–2; businesses, 8.67–68; institutions, 8.67, 8.84; museums, institutions, and such, 8.67, 8.84; particles with, 8.5, 8.7–10; personal, 8.3–6; popes, 8.25; reverend, honorable, and such, 8.25, 8.31–32; unusual capitalization in, 8.68, 8.153; words derived from, 8.59–60
- of political divisions, 8.50–51
- questions within another sentence, 6.52
- quotations: changes in, 13.13, 13.16; initial capital or lowercase letter, 13.14–15; in titles of works, 8.160
- technical abbreviations, 10.52
- of trademarks, 8.152
- of words for Platonic ideas (e.g., Truth), 8.93
- capital letters
- full, 7.48; abbreviations for avenue, street, and such, 10.34; compass points in addresses, 10.35; and emphasis, 7.48; era abbreviations, 9.35, 9.63, 10.39; letters as shapes, 7.63; letters as words, plurals of, 7.14; letters standing for names, 7.62; musical elements, 7.67–68, 7.70; preferred to small caps, 9.35, 10.8, 10.24, 10.39, 10.42, 14.284; scholastic letter grades, 7.60
- initial, decorative, 13.35
- small: emphasizing words, 7.48; full caps preferred to, 9.35, 10.8, 10.24, 10.39, 10.42, 14.284; glosses in ASL, 11.147–54; in indexes, 16.140, 16.145; in mathematical copy, 12.56; after ornamental text break, 1.56; proofreading and marking proofs, 2.110, 2.128
- See also letters (alphabet)
- captions, 3.21–28
- for charts, 3.43
- credit lines in: author as source of illustration, 3.30; material from agency, 3.35, 4.95–97; material in public domain, 3.34; material obtained free of charge, 3.33; material that requires permission, 3.31; material that was adapted, 3.36; material that was commissioned, 3.32, 4.69; placement at end, 3.29; source and permission, 3.28
- definition, 3.7
- electronic enhancements noted in, 3.26
- formal titles of works in, 3.22
- journal cover, inside, 1.78
- locators (e.g., above, left) in, 3.24
- manuscript and editorial concerns: cross-checking, 2.29; editing, 2.63; generic markup, 2.78; guidelines for authors, 2.3, 2.23; proofreading, 2.112; separate file for, 2.23, 3.18; working numbers, 2.25, 3.13
- original dimensions noted in, 3.27
- separating illustration number from, 3.23
- shortened for lists of illustrations, 3.39
- syntax of, 3.21
- carets, 2.91, 2.129
- cartoons, 8.194
- cascading style sheets (CSS), A.9, A.21, A.37, p. 894
- case, defined, p. 892
- case binding, defined, p. 892
- castoff, defined, p. 893
- Cataloging-in-Publication (CIP) data, 1.19, 1.33, fig. 1.1, figs. 1.3–4
- catalogs
- astronomical, 8.138
- foreign names, 14.71
- cc, 10.72
- CD-ROMs
- ISBN for, 1.32
- subsidiary rights for, 4.60
- CE, BCE, and such, 9.35, 9.63, 10.39
- celestial bodies, 8.137–41, 10.64
- centuries
- first vs. later decades of, 9.34
- numerical designations for, 8.70
- spelled out and lowercased, 9.33
- See also historical and cultural terminology
- cf. (“compare”), 10.43, 14.37
- chapter numbers, 1.48
- chap. with, 14.157
- consecutive, across parts of book, 1.47
- generic markup of, 2.78
- in index locators, 16.111
- in notes, 14.160
- pagination and, 9.27
- proofreading of, 2.110
- chapters
- appendixes at end of, 1.57
- conclusions as, 1.52
- cross-references to, in multiauthor volumes, 15.37
- decorative initials for first word, 13.35
- division into, 1.48
- documentation of, 14.18, 15.9; chapter endnotes, 14.38, 14.41, fig. 14.3; chapter in multiauthor book, 14.112; chapter in multivolume work, 14.125; chapter in single-author book, 14.111; chapter originally published elsewhere, 14.115, fig. 1.4; several contributions to same book, 14.113
- epigraphs at opening of, 1.36
- multiple authors of, 1.49
- naming of, 1.46
- offprints of, 1.48
- as works made for hire, 4.53
- chapter titles, 1.48
- editing, 2.55
- generic markup, 2.78
- manuscript preparation guidelines, 2.16
- in quotation marks, 8.161
- character, defined, p. 893
- character count, defined, p. 893
- character encoding, defined, p. 893
- character reference, defined, p. 893
- characters, fictional, 5.123, 8.34, 8.36. See also dialogue; literary works
- characters, special. See diacritical marks; special characters
- charts and graphs
- as alternative to table, 3.47
- appropriate use and definition of, 3.40
- credit line for commissioned, 3.32
- examples of, figs. 3.8–10
- fair use of, 4.84
- indexing of, 16.116
- labels on, 3.43–44
- preparation of electronic files, 3.42
- titles of, 3.43
- See also illustrations; tables
- chemical terminology
- abbreviations, 10.64
- laws and theories, 8.147
- mass number, 8.149
- metric units, 8.151
- Chinese language
- capitalization and italics, 11.108
- characters of, 11.110
- titles of works, 11.109
- transliteration, 11.102–4
- See also Pinyin system; Wade-Giles system
- chronological order
- for index subentries, 16.70
- for letters and diaries, 1.51
- chronologies, 1.58, fig. 1.9
- Church, church, 8.97, 8.100. See also religions and religious concerns
- CIP (Cataloging-in-Publication) data, 1.19, 1.33, fig. 1.1, figs. 1.3–4
- circa, 7.53, 10.43
- circling
- infinity symbol, 1.34
- proofreader’s marking, 2.118
- citation. See documentation
- citation management software, 1.83, 14.13
- cities and towns
- administrative agencies and departments, 8.62
- legislative bodies, 8.61
- names: in addresses, punctuation of, 6.46, 10.28, 10.30; alphabetizing, 16.90–93; capitalization, 5.67, 8.44, 8.52; English forms of foreign cities, 14.137; Fort, Mount, Saint, and such, 10.31, 11.29, 16.90, 16.93; as locations of manuscript collections, 14.238; in newspaper names, 14.210–11, 16.48; on title page, 1.18
- numbered divisions of, 9.47
- civil and civic concerns
- committee minutes and such, 14.240
- holidays, 8.88
- public places and structures: buildings and monuments, 8.56; foreign names for, 8.58; rooms, offices, and such, 8.57; thoroughfares and such, 8.55
- See also cities and towns; governmental entities
- class, socioeconomic, 8.40. See also peoples
- classical works
- capitalization of, 14.261
- documentation: abbreviations, 14.258; authors’ names, 14.258–59; collections of inscriptions, 14.263; editions, 14.119, 14.260, 14.262, 14.265, 14.267; editors’ names, 14.260, 14.263–65; electronic editions, 14.169; English poems and plays, 14.267–68; fragments of texts, 14.264; Greek and Latin references, 14.256–66; identifying numbers in, 14.257; medieval references, 14.266; modern editions of, 14.265; poems and plays, 14.260, 14.267–68; punctuation in, 14.259; reprint editions, 14.119; specific editions, 14.260, 14.262, 14.267; superscripts in, 14.262; text citations, 14.256; titles of, 14.257, 14.259, 14.261; translators’ names, 14.260, 14.265–66
- introductions to, 1.46
- resources on, 14.258
- clauses
- dependent, 6.30–32
- as nouns, 5.25
- parallel structure in, 5.212
- personal pronoun as subject of, 5.42
- relative, 6.22
- See also conjunctions; phrases
- clerical titles
- indexing of, 16.39
- See also religions and religious concerns
- climate, named events of, 8.76
- close-up mark, 2.122, fig. 2.6
- clothbound, defined, p. 893
- CMYK, defined, p. 893
- Code of Federal Regulations, 14.301
- codes
- definition, p. 893
- legal, 14.300–301
- for typefaces, 12.64
- type specifications, 2.71
- zip, 10.30
- See also bar codes; codes and coding; postal codes; Unicode standard
- codes and coding
- list of, 2.74
- coinages, 7.13, 8.59
- collected works
- classical inscriptions as, 14.263
- documentation of, 15.38–40
- titles of separate works in, 8.176
- collections. See manuscript collections; public documents; unpublished and informally published materials
- collective works
- contributions to, as work made for hire, 4.10
- definition, 4.8
- colloquialisms, 7.29, 7.57, 7.59. See also figures of speech; maxims
- colons, 6.59–65
- capitalization and, 6.61
- common misuses of, 6.65
- em dashes instead of, 6.82
- marking manuscript for, 2.90
- uses: appropriate, 6.59; after as follows and other introductory phrases, 6.62; in biblical citations, 14.253–54; in double or multiple numeration, 1.55; in formal direct address, 6.64; in indexes, 16.19–20, 16.25, 16.95; introducing run-in lists, 6.123; with publication details, 6.64, 14.186; introducing quotations or speech, 6.61, 6.63, 13.17; in ratios, 6.60; between titles and subtitles, 1.18, 8.162, 14.97; between volume and page numbers, 14.121, 14.125, 14.159, 14.186
- when to omit, 14.178
- See also punctuation; semicolons
- colophons (logos)
- on covers or jackets, 1.66–68
- definition, p. 893
- on title page, 1.18
- colophons (publication details), defined, 1.64, p. 893
- color
- in editing paper-only manuscripts, 2.88
- in electronic journals, 1.100
- for ethnic groups, 8.39
- hyphenation guide on, 7.85
- for journal covers, 1.78
- for proofreading marks, 2.120
- of punctuation, in relation to surrounding text, 6.3
- color separation, defined, p. 893
- columns
- avoiding multiple, 2.21
- in vertical lists, 6.124
- See also magazines; newspapers; tables
- command papers (UK), 14.314
- commas, 6.16–53
- with abbreviations: academic and professional designations, 10.4, 10.16, 10.20–21; addresses, mailing, 6.46, 10.28, 10.30; e.g. and i.e., 5.220; etc. and et al., 6.20; Inc., Ltd., and such, 6.48; Jr., Sr., and such, 6.47
- with clauses: adverbial, 6.25, 6.55; dependent, 6.30–32; independent, 6.28–29; relative, 6.22; restrictive and nonrestrictive, 5.21, 6.22–23, 6.26
- in documentation: and other stories and such, 14.100; classical references, 14.259; magazine dates and page numbers, 14.199; or with double titles, 14.99; page and issue numbers, 14.186; titles of works, 6.17, 14.99, 14.101; titles of works with question marks or exclamation points, 14.178
- marking manuscript for, 2.90
- marking proofs for, 2.129
- other punctuation with: apostrophes, 6.115; brackets, 6.53; ellipsis points, 13.52; exclamation points, 6.119; parentheses, 6.53, 6.96; question marks, 6.52, 6.119; quotation marks, 6.9, 6.50
- other uses: addresses, 6.46, 10.28, 10.30; adverbial phrases, 6.36; and if, that if, and such, 6.32; appositives, 5.21, 6.23; compound predicates, 6.29; conjunctions joining independent clauses, 6.28; coordinate adjectives, 5.90, 6.33–34; dates, 5.82, 6.17, 6.45; decimal places in non-US styles, 9.20; direct address, 6.38; editorial interpolations, 6.53; elision indicated by, 6.49; homonyms, 6.44; however, therefore, indeed, and such, 6.25; including, 6.27; indexes, 16.25, 16.94; interjections, 5.208, 6.37; introductory phrases, 6.35–36; main clause and, 6.31; maxims and proverbs, 6.51; the more, the less, and such, 6.42; “not” phrases, 6.40–41; numbers, 9.55, 9.62; pairs of commas, 6.17; parenthetical elements, 6.24–27, 6.31, 6.43; participial phrases, 6.35; place-names, 6.46; preceding main clause, 6.30; questions, 6.52; quotations, 6.50, 13.18; run-in list items separated by, 6.123; such as, 6.27; that is, namely, for example, and such, 6.43, 6.65; which vs. that and, 6.22
- pairs of, 6.17
- parentheses compared with, 6.92
- vs. semicolons, 6.19
- serial: argument for using, 6.18; etc. and et al. with, 6.20; omitted with ampersands, 6.21; semicolons instead of commas, 6.19
- See also punctuation
- commercial terms and abbreviations, 10.72
- common expressions. See figures of speech; maxims
- common-law copyright, 4.2, 4.15, 4.19, 4.22, 4.25
- communications. See interviews and discussions; personal communications
- comp, defined, p. 893
- companies. See business and commerce; organizations
- comparison/degrees, 5.201. See also adjectives: degrees; adverbs: degrees
- compass points and directions
- abbreviations, 10.36
- in addresses and geographical terms, 10.35–36
- capitalization, 8.45–46
- hyphenation guide on, 7.85
- latitude and longitude, 10.37
- compilations, 2.40
- illustrations in, 2.44
- notes in, 2.42
- permissions for, 4.101
- source notes for, 2.43
- as work made for hire, 4.10
- compiled by, when to abbreviate or spell out, 10.43, 14.87–88, 15.13, 15.35
- compilers
- in addition to author, 14.88
- biographical notes on, 1.20
- copyright and, 4.8
- notes on changes, 2.41
- permissions as responsibility of, 4.101
- 3-em dash for, 14.64–65
- compositors and composition. See design and production; production and digital technology; typesetters and typesetting; typographic considerations
- compounds
- adjectives as, 6.80
- in ASL, 11.148
- bias-free language and, 5.228
- capitalization in titles of works, 8.159
- closed compounds, trend toward, 7.79
- definitions of, 7.78
- en dashes in, 6.80
- ethnic group names, 8.38
- hyphenation: appropriate use, 7.77, 7.79; en dashes, when to use, 6.80; guide for, 7.85; multiple hyphens, 7.83; omission of part of expression, 7.84; personal names, 8.6; readability issues, 7.80; and word breaks, 2.109
- -ly and, 7.82
- modifiers before or after noun, 7.81
- names, proper, 16.72
- omission of second part of, 7.84
- parallel structure and, 5.212
- person pronouns (-self forms), 5.48–49
- plurals of, 7.7
- possessives of, 7.23
- pronouns, relative, 5.62
- readability of, 7.80
- resources on, 7.1
- types of, 7.78
- See also hyphens and hyphenation; prefixes; suffixes; word division
- computer software
- alternative licensing arrangements for, 4.57
- digital rights management (DRM) and, A.40
- publisher’s manuscript preparation guidelines and, 2.7
- computer terminology, 7.72–76
- abbreviations for, 10.52
- application-specific variations in, 7.72
- binary systems, 9.11
- capitalization, 7.73–76
- font in, 7.75
- keyboard combinations and shortcuts, 7.74
- computer-to-plate (CTP) technology, defined, p. 893
- concert reviews, 14.214, 14.216
- conclusions, format of, 1.52
- concordance, defined, 16.5
- conferences
- names of, 8.69
- papers presented at, 14.226
- places of, 14.226–28
- poster papers at, 14.227
- conflicts of interest, 1.88
- Congress, congressman, 8.21
- Congressional Globe, 14.299
- Congressional Record, 14.298
- conjunctions, 5.192–207
- adverbs as, 5.202
- as and as if as, 5.181
- beginning a sentence with, 5.206–7
- compound predicates joined by, 6.29
- definition, 5.192
- however, beginning a sentence with, 5.207
- in index subentries, 16.68
- as interjections, 5.210
- prepositions compared with, 5.180
- quotations in text and, 6.50
- relative pronouns as, 5.203
- types: adversative (contrasting), 5.197; coordinating, 5.194; copulative (additive), 5.196; correlative, 5.195, 5.214; disguised, 5.205; disjunctive (separative), 5.198; expletive, 5.204; final (illative), 5.199; simple vs. compound, 5.193; subordinating, 5.200–201
- in vertical lists, 6.125
- constitutions and amendments, 8.79, 9.29, 14.292
- contact proof, defined, p. 893
- continents, 5.67, 8.44, 8.52
- continued lines, 3.85, 16.139, fig. 3.25
- continuous tone, defined, p. 894
- contractions
- apostrophes in, 7.29
- non-US style, 10.4
- possessives vs., 5.50
- contracts, private, 14.231
- contracts, publication. See publishing agreement
- contributors
- chapters of, as works made for hire, 4.53
- cross-checking names of, 2.29
- information for, 1.84
- conversation. See dialogue; direct address; speech
- copy, types of, 2.107
- copyediting. See manuscript editing; manuscript editors
- copyright, 4.2–49
- accuracy and candor in process, 4.48
- alternatives to, 4.57
- assignment or licensing of, 4.33–37
- authorship varieties: collective works, 4.8; individual and joint authors, 4.7, 4.12; “life plus seventy” rule, 4.22, 4.24–25; original owner, 1.22, 4.6, 4.11, 4.41; rights of, 4.13–18; varieties of, 4.7–12; works made for hire, 4.9–12, 4.23
- benefits of registering, 4.49
- changes in, 1.24
- deposit requirements, 4.46
- digital rights management and, A.40
- dual system of, 4.19
- duration: jointly authored works, 4.22; lengthened in 1978, 4.20; for works created after 1977, 4.22–24; for works created before 1978, 4.19, 4.25–29
- extensive paraphrasing under, 4.82
- for new editions, 4.27
- preregistration, 4.49
- of previously published materials, 2.43
- of public-domain works, 4.21
- publisher’s responsibilities for, 4.31
- “reasonable effort” to correct mistakes, 4.45
- subsidiary rights: author’s electronic use of own works, 4.62; author’s retention of, 4.18; basic rights vs., 4.17; categories of, 4.60; economic considerations, 4.61–62, 4.65; electronic-rights licensing, 4.61; Public Access Policy and, 4.64; university licenses, 4.63 (see also subsidiary rights)
- termination of transfers under, 4.37
- works ineligible for, 4.11
- Copyright Act (and amendments), 1.19, 4.2, 4.20, 4.88–90
- Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 1.74, 1.97, 4.91
- copyright lines, journals
- components of, 1.97
- ISSN in, 1.97
- copyright management information, 4.15
- copyright notice
- mistakes in, 4.45
- necessity for, 4.26
- old rules, removed, 4.38
- copyright page, contents of
- author’s previous publications, 1.17
- biographical notes, 1.20
- changes and renewals, 1.24
- copyright dates of previous editions, 1.23
- examples, figs. 1.1–4
- ISBN, 1.32
- pagination omitted from, 1.6
- proofreading of, 2.130
- publishing history, 1.25
- running heads omitted from, 1.10
- See also copyright notice
- corporations. See business and commerce; organizations
- Council of Science Editors (CSE), 14.3
- counties, judicial bodies of, 8.63
- countries
- when to abbreviate names, 10.32–33
- when to include in documentation, 14.136
- See also cities and towns; governmental entities; states (US); and specific countries
- courses of study, 8.85
- courtesy, in credit lines, 3.32–33, 3.36, 4.98
- courts
- Canadian, 14.306
- international, 14.316
- names and terms, treatment in text, 8.63
- UK courts, 14.310
- US federal, 14.290
- US state and local, 14.291
- US Supreme Court, 14.289
- See also legal cases; legal-style citations; public documents
- cover, defined, p. 894
- covers of journals and paperback books
- author’s previous publications, 1.17
- biographical information, 1.20
- colophons (logos), 1.66–68
- country of printing, 1.27
- endpapers, 1.68
- gatefolds or French flaps, 1.67
- promotional copy (marketing) on, 1.67–68
- See also hardcover books: jackets
- Creative Commons, 4.57
- credits and credit lines
- for author as source, 3.30
- format of, 4.98
- proofreading of, 2.105
- types of material: adapted material, 3.36; agency material, 3.35, 4.95–97; commissioned material, 3.32, 4.69; cover or jacket artwork, 1.70, 1.78; illustrations, 3.28–36; obtained free of charge, 3.33; public-domain work, 3.34; translations of quoted materials, 13.76; works that require permission, 3.31
- See also permissions; source lines and notes
- criminal cases. See legal cases
- Croatian language, 11.18–19
- crop, defined, p. 894
- CrossRef (database), 1.117, 14.6, A.39
- cross-references, in bibliographies and reference lists
- alternative real names, 14.86
- authors preferring initials, 14.73
- pseudonyms, 14.84
- several chapters from same book, 15.37
- cross-references, in indexes
- accuracy, 16.130
- and used with generic, 16.23
- blind, 16.16
- double posting vs., 16.16
- generic, 16.23
- for organization and business names, 16.88–89
- in run-in style, 16.25
- shortened, 16.21
- single vs. multiple indexes and, 16.6
- cross-references, in text
- cf. and see, 14.37
- mathematical copy, 12.24–25
- mathematical definitions, theorems, and such, 12.56
- proofreading, 2.130
- web-based publications, 1.113–14
- CSS (cascading style sheets), A.9, A.21, A.37, p. 894
- cultural movements and styles
- descriptive designations, 8.71
- period names, 8.72–73
- See also historical and cultural terminology
- curly braces in mathematical expressions, 6.102, 12.26, 12.28. See also brackets
- currency
- British and other non-US, 9.23–24
- dates with, 9.26
- dollar symbol in non-US, 9.22
- K abbreviation in, 9.25
- large amounts of, 9.25
- noun phrases for, 5.25
- resources on, 9.22
- words vs. symbols and numerals for, 9.21
- See also bar codes
- curves
- letters describing (e.g., S curve), 7.63
- cyan, defined, p. 894
- Cyrillic alphabet
- capitalization and, 11.119
- titles of works, 11.120
- word division and, 11.124–28
- See also Russian language
- Czech language, 11.20–21