The Chicago Manual of Style Online: Index L

Index

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

L

References are to paragraph numbers except where specified as table, figure, or page numbers. See also glossary of key terms, pp. 823–40.

labels
- abbreviations in, 12.61
- appropriate treatment of, 12.60
- definition of, 12.9, figs. 12.2–6
- editorial changes to, 12.23
labor unions, 8.75, 9.54
Lake and such, 8.57, 15.32, 18.88
laser proofs, p. 815
Latin language
- abbreviations, 15.8, 15.45
- capitalization of, 8.167
- classics, 17.250–59
- roman type for, 7.56, 15.45
- special characters, 10.65, table 10.1
- titles of works, 10.60, 17.51
- word division, 10.61–64
- See also scientific terminology
latitude, 15.38–39
laws and statutes
- capitalization of, 8.86
- on copyright, 4.2, 4.19, 4.25
- documentation: Canadian, 17.330–32; UK, 17.346–47; U.S., 17.310–12
- generic terms for, 8.87
- numbers for divisions in, 9.32
laws and theories, scientific, 8.157, 14.55
leading, definition of, 3.26
League of Nations, 17.322, 17.355
least, 5.90, 5.151
leaves, book, 1.3, 1.100. See also folios
lectures
- documentation of, 17.215
- series name, 8.93
- sound recordings of, 17.269
- titles, 8.82, 8.93, 8.195
legal cases
- abbreviations for, 8.88, 17.278, 17.283–89
- basic elements in, 17.283
- Canadian, 17.334
- italics for, 8.88, 17.277
- lower federal court decisions, 17.285
- second and subsequent citations to, 17.287
- state and local court decisions, 17.286
- U.S. Supreme Court decisions, 17.284
legal style
- ampersand in, 6.24, 17.280
- Bluebook compared with AWLD, 17.275
- changes to quotations in, 11.19, 11.63
- of documentation: abbreviations, 17.278; adjusted for nonlegal works, 17.275, 17.287, 17.289; articles in periodicals, 17.282; books and treatises, 17.280; chapters in edited books, 17.281; constitutions, 17.288–89; full style, on first occurrence, 17.279; note form, 17.276; publication details, 17.98; typefaces, 17.277
- ellipsis method for, 11.62–65
- numbers for divisions of works in, 9.32
- ordinals in (e.g., second), 9.8
- resources on, 17.275
- See also legal cases
legends, definition of, 12.8. See also captions
legislative bills and acts
- Canada, 17.330–31, 17.333, 17.344
- UK, 17.344, 17.346–47, 17.350
- U.S., 8.86–87, 17.302, 17.306, 17.309–10
- See also laws and statutes
length
- estimating index, 18.120, 18.133
- of manuscript, pp. 806–7, figs. A.4–6
- page, 3.11–12
- of running head, 2.79
- of table title, 13.14
- See also measurement, English; metric system
less, 5.90, 5.150, 6.42
letters (alphabet)
- for grades, 7.64
- hyphens to separate, 6.82
- italics for letters used as, 7.63
- as letters, 7.63–69
- marking spacing changes, 3.25–26
- for multiple appendixes, 1.82
- for musical elements, 7.70–75
- names of, 7.68
- for parts of illustrations, 12.14, 12.37, figs. 12.4, 12.6
- plurals of, 7.15–16, 7.65
- possessives of, 7.18
- in rhyme schemes, 7.69
- in run-in lists, 6.100, 6.126
- as shapes, 7.67
- spelled-out ordinals with, 9.9
- standing for names, 7.66
- in vertical lists, 6.130
- See also capitals; diacritical marks; initials, in names
letters (correspondence)
- chronological order of, 1.70
- copyright issues and, 4.19
- documentation of published: in author-date system, 17.77; several citations to same collection, 17.78; writers’ names, 17.76
- documentation of unpublished: author-date style, 17.233; basic elements, 17.229; bibliographic entries, 17.231; note forms, 17.230; private collections, 17.232
- format for quoted, 11.39
- permissible changes to, 11.10
- prefatory explanation of treatment of, 11.69
- See also personal communications
letters to the editor, 1.150, 1.160, 17.193
libel, 4.50, 4.66
Library of Congress
- CIP data from, 1.28–29, 1.32–34
- electronic book policy of, 1.124
licenses for copyrighted works
- author’s role in, 4.65
- electronic works, 4.60–61
- exclusive vs. nonexclusive, 4.34
- goals of parties to, 4.35
- payment for, 4.36
- publisher’s responsibility for, 4.59
- subsidiary rights and, 4.17, 4.33
- termination of, 4.37
- See also copyright; permissions; publication agreement; subsidiary rights
“life plus seventy” rule, 4.22, 4.24–25
ligatures, 7.48, 10.143, p. 832
like, 5.173
line art (line copy)
- definition of, 12.5, p. 832, fig. 12.2
- editorial changes to, 12.23
- scaling of, 12.22, p. 837
line editing. See manuscript editing
line numbers
- abbreviations for, 17.138
- in classical references, 17.251, 17.258
- of classic English plays and poems, 17.261–62
- in notes, 16.67
- in text citations, 11.76
lines
- blank, 1.79, 2.101, 6.95
- marking spacing changes between, 3.25–26
- proofreading for appearance of, 3.11–12
- spacing in manuscript, 2.6, 2.12, 2.25–26, 2.28–29
- spacing in typeset page, pp. 831–32
- tight or loose, 3.7
lines (rules)
- above continued footnotes, 16.57
- in tables, 13.51–53, 13.70, table 13.14
lining figures, 13.78, p. 823
links. See hypertext links
lists
- of abbreviations, 1.55, 2.28, 11.77, 16.40, figs. 16.7–8
- appropriate treatment of, 2.61, 6.125, 13.11
- of authors/contributors, 1.67, 1.89–90, 1.159, 2.39, fig. 1.11
- consistency of similar, 6.125
- of editorial board, 1.141, 1.144
- in flush-and-hang style, 2.28
- of illustrations, 1.44, 12.52, figs. 1.7–9; editing of, 12.55; in electronic works, 1.127, 1.185, 12.53; format of, 1.45; galleries in, 12.54; location and form of, 12.53; titles in, 1.46
- of literature cited, 16.75
- in mathematical copy, 14.22
- proofreading of, 3.10
- punctuation of, 6.124–30
- run-in: appropriate use of, 6.124; description and examples of, 6.126; parentheses in, 6.100; word division in, 7.43
- of tables, 1.44, 1.47, 1.127
- titles of persons in, 8.22
- vertical (outline style): appropriate use of, 6.124; italics for letters in, 6.126, 6.130; in paragraph style, 6.128; punctuation and format of, 6.127; in sentence style, 6.129; subdivided items in, 6.130
- of works cited, 16.75
- See also bibliographies; reference lists; tables
literary agents, 4.18
literary studies, 11.75–76
literary works
- characters in, 5.116, 8.38
- copyright registration forms for, 4.46
- cultural styles/movements and, 8.64, 8.85
- fair use doctrine and, 4.78
- mentioned in text, 8.172, 8.174–75
- sound recordings of, 17.269
- trademark protection and, 4.16
- See also poetry; quotations
literature cited, 16.75. See also bibliographies; reference lists
live-stage rights, in publication agreement, 4.60
loc. cit., 16.50
locators
- for electronic works: for actual pages, 17.181; descriptive locators as, 16.14, 17.187; numbering in, 1.136; software for, 1.134
- See also hypertext links
- in indexes, 18.12; boldface for, 18.143, 18.147; chapter numbers with, 18.111; inclusive (continuing) numbers in, 18.12–13, 18.29, 18.99, 18.123; italics for, 18.117, 18.143; for notes, 18.111–12; number per entry, 18.122, 18.130; paragraph numbers as, 18.12, 18.107; punctuation of, 18.93, 18.99; repagination and, 3.18–19, 18.108; for scattered entries, 18.12; for subentries, 18.9
- See also page numbers (folios)
logo, publisher’s, 1.13, 1.110–11
longitude, 15.38–39
loose-leaf services, 17.243, 17.283
lowercase letters
- at beginning of brand and company names, 8.163
- definition of, p. 832
- “down” style, 8.2, 8.97
- marking for, 2.100
- for music elements, 7.72, 7.74
- for physical characteristics, 8.43, 8.45
- for skin color, 8.43
- for socioeconomic class, 8.44
- See also sentence-style capitalization
Ltd., 6.50, 17.104, 17.108
ly, words ending with
- adverbs, 5.144, 5.147
- hyphenation not needed with, 5.93, 7.86–87
lyrics, 4.78, 11.3. See also musical works