13: Quotations and Dialogue
- Overview
- 13.1Scope of this chapter—and where else to look
- 13.2Quotations and modern scholarship
- 13.3Giving credit and seeking permission
- 13.4When to paraphrase rather than quote
- 13.5When quotation and attribution is unnecessary
- 13.6Ensuring accuracy of quotations
- Permissible Changes to Quotations
- 13.7Permissible changes to punctuation, capitalization, and spelling
- 13.8Permissible changes to typography and layout
- Quotations in Relation to Text
- Run In or Set Off
- 13.9Run-in and block quotations defined
- 13.10Choosing between run-in and block quotations
- Assimilation into the Surrounding Text
- 13.11Logical and grammatical assimilation of quoted text
- 13.12Integrating tenses and pronouns from quoted text
- Quotations and Punctuation
- 13.13Punctuation relative to closing quotation marks
- 13.14Comma to introduce a quotation
- 13.15No comma to introduce a quotation
- 13.16Colon to introduce a quotation
- 13.17Period rather than colon to introduce a block quotation
- Initial Capital or Lowercase Letter
- 13.18Changing capitalization to suit syntax—an overview
- 13.19Initial capital or lowercase—run-in quotations
- 13.20Initial capital or lowercase—block quotations
- 13.21Brackets to indicate a change in capitalization
- Block Quotations
- 13.22Block quotations of more than one paragraph
- 13.23Block quotations beginning in text
- 13.24Text following a block quotation or extract
- Poetry Extracts
- 13.25Setting off poetry
- 13.26Uniform indents for poetry
- 13.27Long lines and runovers in poetry
- 13.28Quotation marks in poems
- 13.29Run-in poetry quotations
- Quotation Marks
- Double or Single Quotation Marks
- 13.30Quotations and “quotes within quotes”
- 13.31Quotation marks in block quotations
- Quotations of More than One Paragraph
- 13.32Quotation marks across paragraphs
- 13.33Quotations within quotations across paragraphs
- 13.34Quoting more than one stanza of poetry
- 13.35Quoting letters in their entirety
- Quotation Marks Omitted
- 13.36Epigraphs
- 13.37Decorative initials (“drop caps” and raised initials)
- 13.38Maxims, questions, and the like
- Speech, Dialogue, and Conversation
- 13.39Direct discourse
- 13.40Single-word speech
- 13.41Faltering speech or incomplete thoughts
- 13.42Alternatives to quotation marks
- 13.43Unspoken discourse
- 13.44Numerals in direct discourse
- 13.45Indirect discourse
- Drama, Discussions and Interviews, and Field Notes
- 13.46Drama
- 13.47Shared lines and runover lines in verse drama
- 13.48Discussions and interviews
- 13.49Case studies and ethnographic field notes
- Ellipses
- 13.50Ellipses defined
- 13.51Danger of skewing meaning with ellipses
- 13.52When not to use an ellipsis
- 13.53Ellipses with periods
- 13.54Ellipses with other punctuation
- 13.55Ellipses at the ends of deliberately incomplete sentences
- 13.56Ellipses for the omission of whole or partial paragraphs
- 13.57Ellipses in poetry and verse drama
- 13.58Bracketed ellipses
- Interpolations and Clarifications
- 13.59Missing or illegible words
- 13.60Bracketed clarifications
- 13.61“Sic”
- 13.62“Italics added”
- 13.63Interpolations requiring quotation marks
- Attributing Quotations in Text
- 13.64Use of parentheses with in-text citations
- 13.65Full in-text citation
- 13.66Shortened citations or “ibid.” with subsequent in-text citations
- 13.67Frequent reference to a single source cited in a note
- Sources Following Run-In Quotations
- 13.68Punctuation following source of run-in quotation
- 13.69Punctuation preceding source of run-in quotation
- Sources Following Block Quotations and Poetry Extracts
- 13.70Parenthetical source following a block quotation
- 13.71Parenthetical citations with poetry extracts
- 13.72Shortened references to poetry extracts