15th EditionIndex
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
References are to paragraph numbers except where specified as table, figure, or page numbers. See also glossary of key terms, pp. 823–40.
- a and an, 5.71–72
- with acronyms, 15.9
- with coordinate nouns, 5.74
- in proper names, ignored in alphabetizing, 18.86
- AAs (author’s alterations), 3.14–15, p. 823
- abbreviations, general
- of adverbial forms, 15.7
- apostrophe in, 9.34
- Canadian preferences in, 17.327
- capitalization of, 15.7
- in charts, 12.61
- definition of, 15.3
- division of, 7.42
- hyphens in compounds with, 6.85
- repeated, 9.18
- in running heads, 2.79
- slash with, 6.116
- with subspecies and unspecified species, 8.130–31
- See also acronyms; initialisms
- academic, 15.20–22
- astronomy, 15.67–69
- biblical references, 15.48–54
- business and commerce, 15.76
- Canadian provinces and territories, 15.30
- chemical elements, 15.70
- classical references, 17.252–53
- compass points and terms, 15.37–39
- compilations, 17.42–43
- country names, 15.33–34
- edition information, 17.79
- fractions, 15.68
- genus names, 8.129
- geographical terms, 15.29–39
- governmental entities, 15.25
- mailing addresses, 15.35–36
- names and titles, 15.11–28; academic, 15.20–22; agencies and organizations, 15.25–26; author’s, 1.11, 17.252; businesses, 15.23–24, 15.26; civil, 15.13–14; Hon., 15.18; Jr., Sr., III, and such, 6.49, 7.40, 9.47, 15.19, 18.41; military, 8.27–28, 15.13, 15.15; personal, 15.11–12; professional, religious, and such, 15.18, 15.20, 15.22; Saint, St., and such, 15.27–28, 15.32, 18.91; ships, 8.124; social (e.g., Ms.), 15.16–17, 15.20; titles before names, 15.13
- organizations, 15.25–26
- pages, volumes, figures, and such, 17.132–34
- statistics, 15.56
- time, 15.40–44; a.m. and p.m., 9.42, 15.44; chronology systems (e.g., BCE), 15.41; of day, 15.44; days of the week, 15.43; eras, 9.38; months, 15.42; time zones, 8.96, 15.44; units of (e.g., minutes), 15.75; years, 9.34
- U.S. states and territories, 15.29
- degrees and affiliations: abbreviations of, 15.20–22; of author, 1.11, 1.48, 1.67, 1.152; capitalization of, 8.32; of contributors, 1.89; inclusion of, 1.11, 1.14; indexing of, 18.40
- grades, 7.64
- lecture series, 8.93
- titles, 8.31–32
- illustration sources noted in, 12.42
- omitted in indexing, 18.109
- of permissions, 4.95–96
- in preface, 1.49
- separate section for, 1.52
- in table footnotes, 13.44–45
- a or an with, 15.9
- definition of, 15.3
- for diseases, procedures, and such, 8.153
- indexing of, 18.46
- in legal style, 17.278
- in titles of works, 8.172
- See also abbreviations; initialisms
- adverbs distinguished from, 5.146
- articles as limiting, 5.69–78; coordinate nouns and, 5.74; definite, 5.70; definition of, 5.69; indefinite, 5.71–72; meaning affected by, 5.75; omitted, 5.77; as pronoun substitute, 5.78; a vs. an, 5.73; zero (implicit), 5.76
- capitalization of, 5.67
- dates as, 5.79
- definition of, 5.66
- degrees of (comparative, positive, superlative), 5.85–88
- of ethnic and national group names, 8.41
- functional variations of, 5.94–96
- infinitives as, 5.107
- irregular, 5.88
- position of, 5.80–84; basic rules of, 5.80; in modifying pronoun, 5.82; in participial phrase, 5.84; after possessive noun or pronoun, 5.81; as predicate, 5.80, 5.83
- prepositional phrase as, 5.166–68
- proper, 5.67
- abbreviations of, 15.7
- adjectives distinguished from, 5.146
- definition of, 5.143
- degrees of, 5.149–54; comparative, 5.150, 5.152; intensifiers, 5.154; positive, 5.149; superlative, 5.151–52; uncomparable, 5.153
- flat, 5.147
- formation of, 5.144–45
- infinitives as, 5.107
- introductory phrases as, 6.26
- not ending in ly, 5.147
- as nouns, 5.32
- participial phrases as, 5.109
- position of, 5.155–61; intransitive verbs and, 5.157; linking verbs and, 5.158; meaning affected by, 5.155, 5.161; with past-participial adjectives, 5.89, 5.159; within verb phrase, 5.104, 5.160; and words other than verbs, 5.156
- prepositions replaced with, 5.177
- semicolon preceding, 6.58
- simple vs. compound, 5.147–48
- in split infinitives, 5.106
- marking for, 3.31
- of subscripts and superscripts, 14.37
- basic rule of, 18.55
- businesses, 18.86–87
- cross-references, 18.16
- dates, 18.63
- glossaries, 1.87
- headings with numerals, 18.64
- main headings, 18.55–65
- names: compound, 18.70; English, 18.69–73, 18.87; foreign, 18.74–85; with initials vs. spelled-out, 18.61; in list of contributors, 1.89; with Mac or Mc, 18.71; with O’, 18.72; with particles, 18.69, 18.82; Saint, St., and such, 18.42, 18.73, 18.91
- numerals, 18.63–64
- place-names, 18.88–91
- and punctuation, 18.57–59
- reference lists, 16.93–94
- same name of person, place, and thing, 18.60
- subentries, 18.66–68
- text citations, 16.119
- titles of nobility, 18.64
- components of, 10.148
- compound signs, 10.152
- context of, 10.145
- fingerspelling, 10.149
- glosses, 10.147
- handshapes, 10.151
- lexicalized signs, 10.150
- nonmanual signs, 10.154
- resource on, 10.146
- transcriptions of, 10.153–54
- in Old English, 10.144
- in publisher’s name, 17.106
- beginning sentence with, 5.191
- as conjunction, 5.180
- for coordinate adjectives, 5.91
- in publisher’s name, 17.106
- in series of items, 6.19–20
- slash as shorthand for, 6.113
- genetic terms, 8.139–41
- pronouns with, 5.57–58
- scientific names, 8.127–35
- vernacular names, 8.136–38
- author’s name known for, 17.34
- author’s name unknown for, 17.32–33
- copyright of, 4.24
- author-and-title index for, 18.6
- brackets for editorial comments in, 6.104
- permissions and fees for, 4.98
- in abbreviations, 9.34
- in Chinese, 10.102
- in contractions, 7.31
- in French, 10.39
- in German, 10.44
- in Japanese, 10.105
- other punctuation after, 6.8
- in plurals: abbreviations, 7.15–16; lowercase letters, 7.16, 7.65; noun coinages, 7.14; proper nouns, 7.9; words in quotation marks, 7.13
- in possessives: compounds, 7.25; for . . . sake type expressions, 7.22; genitive case, 7.26; gerunds, 7.28; italicized or quoted words, 7.30; nouns, proper, 7.18–22; nouns ending in eez sound, 7.20; nouns plural in form, singular in meaning, 5.21, 7.19; nouns used attributively, 7.27; of, 7.29; singular nouns (most), 7.17; two nouns as unit, 7.24; words ending in unpronounced s, 7.21
- abbreviation for, 17.132
- appropriate use of, 16.36
- chronologies as, 1.85
- content of, 1.81
- illustrations in, 12.13
- indexing of, 18.109
- in journals, 1.154
- part title for, 1.64
- placement of, 1.83
- running heads in, 1.97
- type size of, 1.84
- subordinating conjunctions and, 5.188
- temporary epithets as, 8.37
- titles as, 8.23
- capitalization, 10.98
- definite article, 10.97
- hamza and
ayn, 10.95
- resources on, 10.94
- spelling, 10.96
- word division, 10.99
- for addresses and thoroughfares, 9.55–57
- for classical references, 17.251
- for dates, 9.33–40
- defined, p. 823
- division of, 7.41
- for divisions in works, 9.30–32
- for percentages, 9.19
- for physical quantities, 9.14–18
- preferred in documentation, 17.129
- with acronyms, 15.9
- with coordinate nouns, 5.74
- definition of, 5.69
- with earth, 8.149
- implicit, 5.76
- indefinite, 5.71–72
- in indexing: first lines, 18.148; foreign names, 18.74, 18.90; ignored, 16.87, 17.32, 18.48, 18.51–52, 18.55, 18.86, 18.89; organization and business names, 18.86; place-names, 18.89–90; subentries, 18.66, 18.131; titles of newspapers, 18.48; titles of works, 18.51–52, 18.55
- as limiting adjectives, 5.69–78; coordinate nouns and, 5.74; definite, 5.70; definition of, 5.69; indefinite, 5.71–72; meaning affected by, 5.75; omitted, 5.77; as pronoun substitute, 5.78; a vs. an as, 5.73; zero (implicit), 5.76
- in organization and business names, 18.86
- in place-names, 18.89
- as pronoun substitute, 5.78
- with Rev. and Hon., 15.18
- in titles used in apposition, 8.23
- zero (implicit), 5.76
- author’s changes to, 2.5
- electronic files for, 2.19
- illustrations and tables in, 1.154
- subheads in, 1.153
- titles of, 8.187–90, 16.32
- See also articles, citation of; articles, electronic; chapter(s); chapters, citation of; journals; journals, electronic
- abbreviations in, 17.160
- authors’ names, 17.154–55
- foreign-language, 17.176–77
- forthcoming, 17.167
- in installments, 17.172
- issue information, 17.161
- journal title, 17.159–60
- legal style, 17.282
- magazine, 17.182–86
- place of publication, 17.174
- shortened, in second and subsequent, 17.179
- special issues, 17.170
- supplements, 17.171
- in two publications, 17.173
- copyright of, 1.177
- full-text type of, 1.182–83
- as individual publications, 1.172
- page-numbering system for, 1.167
- in printed journal’s table of contents, 1.147
- publication history of, 1.178
- separated from journal issue, 1.176
- See also articles, citation of; journals, electronic
- for covers or jackets: copy and, 1.113–16; credit lines for, 1.113, 1.140; description of, 1.111; fair use of, 4.81; permission to use, 4.91–94
- definition of, 12.2, p. 823
- fair use of, 4.81
- identification of, 12.17
- medium and dimensions of, 12.39
- permission to use, 4.91–94
- scaling, 12.22, p. 837
- alphabetizing, 18.85
- South Asian, transliteration of, 10.129
- See also specific country (e.g., Thai names)
- abbreviations of, 15.25
- as author in citation, 17.47
- capitalization of, 8.75
- numbers in names of, 9.54
- See also organizations, names of
- for significance levels, 13.49
- for text breaks, 1.79
- abbreviations in, 15.68–69
- descriptive terms in, 8.151
- MYR and GYR in, 9.12
- resources on, 8.146, 15.67
- See also metric system
- moral right of, 4.15
- See also credits and credit lines; documentation
- documentation: CD-ROMs, 17.145, 17.271; DVDs and DVD-ROMs, 17.273; online, 17.270; recordings, 17.265–69; slides and filmstrips, 17.272; videocassettes, 17.273
- production details of, 1.122
- titles of, 8.197
- benefits of, 16.4
- citation and reference matched in, 16.107
- flexibility and consistency in, 17.18
- foreign terms in, 17.19
- quotations from secondary sources, 17.274
- syntax in, 16.115
- See also reference lists; text citations; and specific materials (e.g., audiovisual materials)
- approach to, 2.70
- appropriate material for, 2.71
- and cover letter, 2.73
- on paper manuscript, 2.94
- addresses of, 1.89
- alterations on proofs by, 3.14–15
- biographical notes (see biographical notes)
- as indexers, 18.2–3
- and permissions (see permissions)
- and substantive editing, 2.55–56
- translations provided by, 11.89
- use of term, 2.1
- See also author’s name; manuscripts, author’s responsibilities; publication agreement
- collective works, 4.8
- as original owner, 4.6
- renewal issues and, 4.30
- alternative real, 17.40
- with assistance of another, 17.44
- as basic information, 17.16–17
- of book review, 1.156
- on chapter opening page, 1.67
- in copyright notice, 4.41
- on cover or jacket, 1.110–11
- cross-references to, 17.39–40
- descriptive phrase as, 17.38
- different coauthors, 16.102
- of encyclopedia or dictionary entries, 17.239
- with epigraphs, 1.39
- flexibility and consistency in, 17.18
- foreign, 17.19
- idem used for, 16.49
- of multivolume works, 17.89
- in newspaper citations, 17.188
- number of, 16.101; one author, 16.11, 16.82, 17.26; two authors, 16.102, 17.27; three or more authors, 17.28, 17.279; four to ten, 17.29; eleven or more, 17.30
- of online sources, 17.237
- in reference lists and text citations, 16.108
- in scientific terminology, 8.132
- in table of contents, 1.42
- in title or subtitle, 17.31